Li Ying

Li Ying

Li Wen (December 28, 833 to August 15, 873) was born in Chang'an County, Jingzhao prefecture (now Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province). He was the 17th emperor of the Tang Dynasty (September 13, 859 to August 15, 873). He was the eldest son of Li Chen, Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. His mother was Chao, the queen of Yuanzhao.

In the seventh year of Dahe (833), he was born in guangwangfu and was granted the title of yunwang at the beginning. In August of the 13th year of Dazhong (859), Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty died, and Wang Zongshi, the eunuch, was elected to the throne in August (September 10, 859). In November of the next year (December 17, 860), he changed Xiantong, worked hard and accepted the words of the Communist Party. Knowing the rhythm is like the sky. In the later period of the reign of Emperor Xuanzong, the extravagance, extravagance and extravagance led to turmoil in eastern Zhejiang, Annan, Xuzhou and Sichuan, internal political corruption, and people's livelihood, which lost the achievements of Xuanzong Dynasty.

In the fourteenth year of Xiantong (August 15, 873), Li died at the age of 41. His posthumous title was Emperor Ruiwen Zhaosheng gonghuixiao, and his temple name was Yizong. He was buried in Jianling.

Life of the characters

Early experience

Li was born on November 14, the seventh year of Taihe (December 28, 833). He was first named Li Wen. His father Li Chen was king Guangwang, and his mother Chao's was side imperial concubine.

In October of the sixth year of Huichang, his father ascended the throne for Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and canonized Li Wen as king Yun.

At that time, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty liked Li Zi, the fourth son of Kui, and wanted to be the crown prince. However, Li Wen was old and had no decision for a long time.

He was made emperor

In August of the 13th year of Dazhong (859), Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty died of illness. Wang Zongshi, the second lieutenant of zuoshence garrison, and Qi Yuanshi, the Deputy envoy, made Li Wen the crown prince. In February of the next year, Xuanzong was buried and officially ascended the throne. In November, it was changed to Xiantong. It is said that the use of this year's title comes from a song written by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, which contains the sentence "Haiyue yanxiantong". Yizong remembered his father and emperor when he changed the Yuan Dynasty, but his words and deeds since he came to the world hardly showed the shadow of Tang Xuanzong. Compared with the administration of Dazhong, the administration of Xiantong is far away from that of Dazhong. The author of the new book of the Tang Dynasty said that Yizong was "succeeding with mediocrity", which is a comprehensive evaluation of him.

During the reign of Tang Yizong, he indulged in entertainment, and was far more interested in banquets, music and dancing than in state affairs. His enthusiasm for the upper court was obviously not as good as drinking. In the palace, Yizong had a small banquet every day and a big banquet every three days. Every month, he would hold a large banquet in the palace more than ten times. There were many kinds of treasures. In addition to drinking, he can't listen to music all day long even if he watches musicians and actors. Even when he travels around, he will take these people with him. As many as 500 musicians were supported in Yizong palace. Whenever he was happy, he would reward them, which would be thousands of dollars. Tired of being in the palace, he went to the palace outside Chang'an at any time. Because he came and went indefinitely, the officials in charge of the reception in the palace had to prepare food and accommodation at any time, and music could not be lacked. Those princes who need to accompany them often have to prepare their mounts in case Yizong may ask them to go out at any time, which makes everyone miserable.

According to Zizhitongjian, every time Yizong traveled, there were more than 100000 attendants inside and outside the palace, and the expenses were too large to calculate, which became a heavy burden on the national finance. As for Yizong's "feast without Festival", Zuo Shiyi, Liu Mo, as an admonishment official, put forward his admonition in the hope that the emperor would put state affairs first, show sympathy for the generals and their subjects to the world, and reduce entertainment. He didn't listen to it at all. In February of the fourth year of Xiantong (863), Yizong paid homage to all the sixteen Imperial Mausoleums from Gaozu's mausoleum to Xuanzong's Zhenling. Amusement, singing and dancing have become an indispensable part of Yizong's daily life. Under his exemplary role, the whole officialdom is also permeated with the atmosphere of extravagance and drunkenness. Wei Zhuang, a famous poet in the late Tang Dynasty, has a saying of "luxury in the Xiantong era". His chant of "Yao Chi's banquet is over and the king is in the Moon Palace" is the best description of this world.

Ren Xiang is not clear

At the beginning of Tang Yizong's accession to the throne, he dismissed Ling HuLong and took the post of Bai Minzhong. Bai Minzhong was an old minister of the former dynasty, but he fell and hurt himself when he entered the court. He was sick in bed and couldn't work. He asked to resign three times, but Tang Yizong refused. Bai Minzhong was ill and was right in the eye. Yizong could ignore the government for an excuse. He was perfunctory in discussing political affairs with other prime ministers. His mind was not here at all. So Wang Pu, an admonitor of youbuque, said: "it has been four months since Bai Minzhong was sick in the first month. Although your majesty also talked with other prime ministers, it was not until three quarters (in ancient times, one day and one night was one hundred quarters). In this way, does your majesty have leisure to discuss world affairs with the prime minister? " This made Yizong very uncomfortable, so he demoted Wang Pu out of the court and became a county magistrate. Geishi, who was responsible for exercising the power of sealing and refuting, thought that Wang Pu was an admonitor and should not be reprimanded. He returned the order according to the system of the Tang Dynasty and did not issue it. Yizong referred the matter to the Prime Minister for reconsideration. Those prime ministers, regardless of the state system, thought that Wang Pu was not only advising the emperor, but also involving the prime minister Bai Minzhong, and even agreed to demote Wang Pu.

During the reign of Tang Yizong, a total of 21 prime ministers were appointed: Linghu, Bai Minzhong, Xiao Ye, Xia Houzi, Jiang Shen, Du Shenquan, Du, Bi, Yang Shou, Cao que, Gao, Xiao, Xu Shang, Lu Yan, Yu Cong, Wei Baoheng, Wang Duo, Liu Ye, Zhao Yin, Xiao Fan and Cui Yanzhao. Because of Yizong's low interest in politics, the prime minister's transactional power is still great, which can play a great role. The problem is that most of the prime ministers are either mediocre, or those who love money and are unbearable. For example, Du Yu, the first Prime Minister of Xiantong, is the grandson of du you and the son-in-law of Xianzong. He does not have the practical ability. He is a vegetarian and is nicknamed "Bald horned rhinoceros". In the fifth year of Xiantong, Lu Yan, who was the Prime Minister of Xiantong, formed a clique and recruited bribes. He was extravagant and illegal. He also entrusted his political affairs to Bian Xian, a small official under his trusted subordinates. An official named Chen pansou reported to Yizong that if he copied Bian Xian's family, he could help the country's military spending for two years. Yizong denounced him, and no one dared to speak from then on. Lu Yan collaborated with Wei Baoheng, the son-in-law of later Prime Minister Ren. They "moved the world". At that time, they were called "Niu tou a pang", which means that they are "evil and formidable" like a fierce ghost. The prime ministers of Yizong Dynasty were very corrupt. The residents of Chang'an City made up a ballad with the names of Cao que, Yang Shou, Xu Shang, Lu Yan and other prime ministers, saying that no matter what happened, money would always be collected. Businessmen don't care. When will the bribes stop?

These prime ministers of Tang Yizong Dynasty had no style of ministers, which aggravated the ruling crisis of Tang Dynasty.

Tang Yizong was an extremely vain emperor, which can be seen from the number of his titles. Honorific title is to show meritorious service, fame and virtue. Every time the emperor adds honorific title, he must hold a grand ceremony, issue an imperial edict to the whole country, and hold an amnesty at the same time. In the first month of the 12th year of Xiantong, Yizong was given the honorary title of "Rui Wen Ying Wu Ming De Zhi Ren Da Sheng Guang Xiao emperor". Among the emperors of Tang Dynasty, Gaozu and Taizong did not add honorific names when they were alive. Since then, the honorific names of the emperors were basically 4 or 6 characters, and some reached 8 or 10 characters. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty once added the 14 character honorific title of "emperor Kaiyuan Tiandi Dabao Shengwen Shenwu Xiaode Zhengdao", and added honorific titles to all ancestors. Later, Wuzong also had a 14 character honorary title: Rensheng, Wenwu, ZhangTian, Chenggong, Shende, Mingdao, Daxiao emperor. In the reign of emperor suzong, all the ministers were given the honorific title of "emperor Qianyuan Da Sheng Guang Tian Wen Wu Xiao Gan". However, on September 21, 761, he issued an imperial edict to remove the honorific title of "emperor Qianyuan Da Sheng Guang Tian Wen Wu Xiao Gan". Later, the title of emperor Xianzong was also 10 characters: yuan he Shengwen Shenwu fatian yingdao emperor. It can be seen that Yizong can almost catch up with Xuanzong and Wuzong in terms of the number of honorific names. However, in terms of political achievements or governing ability, Yizong can not be compared with Xuanzong, even with Wuzong.

Welcome the Buddha's bone

After the extermination of Buddhism by Emperor Wuzong of Tang Dynasty, the influence of Buddhism suffered a heavy blow. After Xuanzong ascended the throne, the temples were restored one after another. In Yizong period, Buddhism developed rapidly. He himself believed in Buddhism, widely built Buddhist temples, built Buddhist statues and gave alms. Under the advocacy of Yizong, the large-scale Dharma society and Taoist temple flourished unprecedentedly, and the Buddhist name of Jingsheng in Chang'an Buddhist temple began to ring again. The great demand for Buddhist scriptures has stimulated the development of printing. One of the earliest existing printed materials in the world is the Diamond Sutra, which was printed in the ninth year of Xiantong (868). It is now stored in the British Museum in London. The earliest existing printed matter in China is also the "Dharma Sutra" of Buddhism. The "holding true Bodhisattva" and "silver gold flower double wheel twelve ring tin battle" found in the underground palace of Famen Temple are also exquisite cultural relics built in the Xiantong period. The climax of Yizong's belief in Buddhism is another large-scale activity of worshiping Buddhism after Xianzong.

He died of serious illness

On July 16, the fourteenth year of Xiantong (873), Yizong had already "got sick gradually" and was unable to return to heaven. On July 19, Tang Yizong ended his life in Xianning hall. At the age of 41, he was named emperor Ruiwen Zhaosheng gonghuixiao, and the temple name was Yizong. He was buried in Jianling (located in today's Fuping, Shaanxi Province).

After the administration of Dazhong, Tang Yizong and Tang Xizong were famous incompetent and fatuous monarchs, which made the situation of Tang Dynasty go downhill. In 878, the Yellow nest rebellion broke out. Huang Chao used mobile warfare to shake the rule of the Tang Dynasty. Moreover, the Imperial Army managed by the eunuch also suffered heavy losses, so the prime minister and the eunuch kept fighting for power

Chinese PinYin : Li Cui