Pan Shu

Pan Shu

Pan Shu (1897.7.13-1988.3.26), originally named Younian, was born in Yixing, Jiangsu Province. He was a psychologist, one of the founders of modern Chinese psychology, and one of the main sponsors and leaders of the Chinese Association of scientific workers and the Jiusan Society.

He graduated from the Department of philosophy of Peking University in 1920 (the ninth year of the Republic of China). In 1926, he received a doctor's degree from the University of Chicago. In 1927, he was promoted to a professor. In 1955, he was selected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. In 1956, he joined the Communist Party of China.

Pan Shu was engaged in the experimental research of memory, illusion and Chinese character perception. Later, he mainly devoted himself to the research of the basic theory of psychology. He put forward the view that psychology is different from natural science and social science, but is an intermediate science with duality. He divided psychological activities into intentional activities and cognitive activities, which is different from the traditional "knowledge, emotion and meaning" triad system on consciousness, body and mind The author puts forward profound and original views on the important issues in psychology, such as relationship and personality, and forms his own theoretical system.

Life of the characters

Pan Shu was born in a scholarly family in Luping village, Yixing County, Jiangsu Province on July 13, 1897 (the 23rd year of Guangxu reign of the Qing Dynasty). At the age of 6, Pan Shu began to read four books and five classics in his father's mengguan. Later, when the school was held in the late Qing Dynasty, Pan Shu passed the third grade of the Fifth Middle School of Changzhou Jiangsu Province with excellent results.

In 1917 (the sixth year of the Republic of China), Pan Shu graduated from middle school, skipping the two-year preparatory course, and directly passed the undergraduate examination, studying in the Department of philosophy of Peking University. During his study in Peking University, Cai Yuanpei, President of Peking University, deeply appreciated Pan Shu's versatility, wide interests and love of learning.

In 1920 (the ninth year of the Republic of China), after graduating from University, with the idea of "saving the country through education", Pan Shu got the official fee to study in the United States.

In 1921, he arrived in the United States to study education at the University of California. Soon after that, he changed his mind and transferred to Indiana University to study psychology and get a master's degree.

In 1923 (the 12th year of the Republic of China), he was transferred to the University of Chicago. Under the guidance of Professor h Carr, he completed his thesis "the influence of background on learning and memory" in 1926 and obtained his doctorate.

In 1927 (the 16th year of the Republic of China), pan Xuecheng returned to China and was employed as an associate professor in the fourth Sun Yat sen University (later renamed as Central University), which was the first to establish the Department of psychology. Half a year later, he was promoted to a professor and concurrently served as the head of the Department of psychology.

In 1944 (the 33rd year of the Republic of China), Pan Shu, Liang Xi, Tu Changwang, Jin Shanbao and others, with the support of the Communist Party, jointly organized the "Chinese Association of scientific workers" with more than 100 famous scientists including Zhu Kezhen and Li Siguang.

In May 1946 (the 35th year of the Republic of China), the founding meeting of the Jiusan Society was officially held in Chongqing. The founders include Xu Deheng, Pan Shu, Tu Changwang, etc.

In 1949, after the liberation of Nanjing, Pan Shu was ordered to take over the Central University, which was renamed Nanjing University. In September of the same year, Pan Shu, as one of the Chinese scientists' delegation, went to the Soviet Union to participate in the activities commemorating the 100th anniversary of Pavlov's birth.

In 1951, Pan Shu was appointed as the first president of Nanjing University.

In 1952, he participated in the adjustment of colleges and departments of universities in Nanjing and East China. When he presided over the adjustment of colleges and departments, he did not leave Nanjing University in the original site of Sipailou because of the relocation of instruments and equipment. This is also the first major mistake Pan Shu made in his life.

In 1955, Pan Shu was elected member of the Biology Department of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and was the only member of the psychology department in China at that time.

In 1956, the Department of psychology of Nanjing University was incorporated into the Institute of psychology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Pan Shu became the director of the Institute.

In 1957, Pan Shu led a delegation of Chinese psychologists to visit the Democratic Republic of Germany, passing Moscow.

In 1963, Pan Shu suffered from a sudden myocardial infarction and was on the verge of danger. He was hospitalized for more than a year.

In 1976, Pan Shu was the director of the Institute of psychology and the president of the Chinese Psychological Society. On the one hand, he did a lot of organization and leadership work. At the same time, he took the lead in research and writing, and vigorously publicized it.

On March 26, 1988, he died of illness in Beijing at the age of 91.

Main achievements

Achievements in scientific research

One of the main founders of modern psychology in China. He has taught general psychology, experimental psychology, social psychology, theoretical psychology and other courses, and cultivated a large number of talents for the development of Chinese psychology. In his early years, he engaged in experimental research on memory, illusion and Chinese character perception. Later, he mainly devoted himself to the research of basic theories of psychology. He proposed that psychology is not only different from natural science, but also different from social science. Instead, it is an intermediate science with duality. Psychological activities are divided into intentional activities and cognitive activities, which are different from the traditional "knowledge, emotion and meaning" triad system on consciousness, body and mind The author puts forward profound and original views on the important issues in psychology, such as relationship and personality, and forms his own theoretical system.

In his early years, Pan Shu pinned his hope on experimental research for the development of psychology. Because there were many schools of psychology at that time, with great differences. Pan Shu believes that it is useless to rely on empty arguments to reach a consensus. Only by obtaining reliable results through experiments can we reach a consensus and promote the development of psychology. Later, after a period of practice and further study of the essence of various branches of psychology, Pan Shu realized that the expected results may not be achieved according to his own assumptions, because there are still different or even opposite explanations for the same scientific fact and experimental results. The key lies in the viewpoint and method of looking at the problem. Only when the fundamental point of view is correct, can we have a correct understanding of psychological facts, and thus can we fundamentally improve the scientific nature of psychology. Based on this understanding, Pan Shu paid more attention to the basic theory of psychology. In the 1940s, pan Shute opened the course of theoretical psychology for the Department of psychology of Central University, trying to analyze and explain some fundamental problems in psychology from the perspective of dialectical materialism. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, under the advocacy and promotion of Pan Shu, the basic theory of psychology has always been an important field of Chinese psychological research. In the Institute of psychology, the basic theory research office of psychology has been set up, and the professional committee of basic theory of psychology has also been set up in the Chinese Psychological Society. Pan Shu directly led the work of these two organizations, led and guided the Chinese psychological theory team to study some of the most divergent and fundamental theoretical issues in psychology one by one. Pan Shu took the lead in his research and put forward many unique and profound insights, and initially formed the conception and framework of scientific psychology with Chinese characteristics. For example, Pan Shu believes that psychology must have a scientific understanding of human nature. In Pan Shu's view, the essential characteristic of human beings is that they have highly developed psychological intelligence. Psychology is an important basic science with great development prospects to study the essential characteristics of human beings and clarify why human beings are human beings.

Pan Shu has always been most concerned about such a fundamental issue as the development direction and road of Chinese psychology. Pan Shu has been exploring the way to reform the old psychology and establish scientific dialectical materialism psychology all his life. As early as the 1930s, Pan Shu, aiming at China's academic theory of "Comprador System" and "total Westernization", consistently opposed to copying foreign psychology without analysis in psychology, and strongly advocated to carry out research that suits China's reality and can solve our own problems. In his later years, he put forward four main ways to develop Chinese psychology. The first is to adhere to the guidance of Marxist philosophy, which is the lifeblood of scientific psychology; the second is to closely integrate with the reality of China's socialist construction, in order to better serve this; the third is to carry forward the valuable psychological thoughts of ancient China, so as to carry forward the national glory and make the past serve the present; the fourth is to critically absorb all valuable things in foreign psychology, so as to enrich the world Take advantage of others and make foreign things serve China. Chinese psychologists have gradually realized the correctness of Pan Shu's views from years of positive and negative experience, and regard it as the program of developing Chinese psychology. This is Pan Shu's fundamental contribution to Chinese psychology.

paper

work

personnel training

In his teaching career of more than 30 years, Pan Shu has done a lot of basic work for the establishment and development of Chinese psychology. When teaching the history of psychology, Pan Shu first assigned the questions to the students, assigned the bibliography and the number of pages to read, and let the students prepare separately. In class, the students first speak, and then make their own summary. This kind of teaching method not only enables the students to grasp the knowledge firmly, but also exercises the students' independent learning ability. Pan Shu not only teaches but also educates people. He often educates young people with his fresh and progressive ideas. Pan Shu has trained three postgraduates and four doctoral students.

Award winning record

Social service

He once served as president of Nanjing University, member of the people's committees of Nanjing city and Jiangsu Province, vice chairman of the provincial CPPCC, member of the Standing Committee of the China Association for science and technology, deputy to the first, second and third National People's Congress, member of the fifth and sixth Standing Committee of the CPPCC.

From 1927 to 1949, he was the fourth Sun Yat sen University and the school of science of Central University. He was also the director of the Department of psychology twice.

From 1949 to 1956, he served as Professor, Dean and Dean of Psychology Department of Nanjing University, chairman and President of School Affairs Committee.

In 1955, he was the director of the Chinese Psychological Society.

From 1956 to 1983, he was a researcher and director of the Institute of psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

one hundred and ninety-eight

Chinese PinYin : Pan Shu