Chen Jiao

Chen Jiao

Chen Jiao? Ji bi was born in Dongyang County, Guangling county (northwest of Tianchang City, Anhui Province, and Rugao City, Jiangsu Province). During the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Wei was a famous official.

Chen jiaoben's surname was Liu. He changed his surname to Chen because of his adoptive relationship with his mother. In his early years, he avoided chaos in the east of the Yangtze River. Later, Chen Deng, the governor of Guangling, asked him to be a meritorious Cao. Cao Cao was appointed the prime minister, and was transferred to be the magistrate of the county. He was also the prefect of Pengcheng and Leling, and moved to be the Western Duwei of Weijun. Cao Cao conquered Ma Chao in the west, paid homage to Prime Minister Cheng, and transferred to Cao's family and Shangshu in the West. Cao Pi called himself Emperor, led the affairs of the Ministry of officials, granted the Marquis of Gaoling Pavilion, and moved the book of ministers.

After the Ming emperor succeeded to the throne, he went to the east of the country to be a marquis. Later, he turned to be a servant. He added Guanglu, a doctor, and paid homage to situ. In the first year of Jingchu (237), Chen Jiao died and became Marquis Zhen.

Overview photo source: Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms 11

Life of the characters

Good at words

In order to avoid chaos, Chen Jiao lived in Jiangdong area in his early years. At that time, sun CE and Yuan Shu had courteously hired Chen Jiao, but Chen Jiao did not answer his orders and decided to return to his hometown Guangling county to live. Chen Deng, the prefect of Guangling, invited Chen Jiao to be the chief of the prefecture, and ordered him to go to Xuchang. He pointed out: "the literati around Xudu have some comments, but it seems that they don't think very well of me. Please go to Xudu, listen to the news for me, and then come back to tell me." After Chen Jiao was ordered to go back and forth, he came back and said to Chen Deng, "I think you are quite arrogant when I hear the comments nearby."

Chen Deng said: "when it comes to the strict family and perfect morality, I respect Chen Yuanfang's two brothers (Chen Qun's father and uncle); when it comes to the pure morality and pure jade, I respect Huaziyu (Hua Xin); when it comes to integrity and righteousness, I respect Zhao Yuanda (Zhao Yu); when it comes to erudition and strong memory, I respect Kong Wenju (Kong Rong); when it comes to Ying I respect Liu Xuande (Liu Bei) most for his outstanding and powerful personality. How can I be a proud person if I respect others so much? It's just that other people are too mediocre to talk about. " We can see how elegant Chen Deng's character is. And this elegant person also has deep respect for Chen Jiao.

Assist in guarding the city

Later, Guangling county was besieged by Sun Quan and the military situation became urgent. Chen Deng ordered Chen Jiao to go to Cao Cao for help. When Chen Jiao met Cao Cao, he said, "although Guangling is only a small county, it is a place with superior geographical location. If we can get your help, our county will become your vassal state, which is enough to make Sun Quan helpless, and also can ensure the Yongan of Xuzhou. In this way, your reputation will be far and wide, your benevolence will be spread, and those countries that have not yet obeyed you will follow. This can not only praise virtue, but also cultivate prestige. It's really what the king has done After hearing Chen Jiao's analysis, Cao Cao admired his wisdom and wanted to keep him by his side. But Chen Jiao said, "my country is persecuted. I'm just ordered to go out and ask for help. Even if I can't get help like Shen Baoxu, I can't forget Hongyan's loyalty." Cao Cao then sent troops to help, successfully repelled Sun Quan's army and preserved Guangling. At that time, Chen Deng also set up an ambush on the way of Sun Quan's retreat, taking advantage of the situation to defeat Sun Quan's army.

Later, Chen Jiao was recruited by Cao Cao to serve as a member of Sikong county.

In 209 A.D. (the 14th year of Jian'an), he served as the commander of the general of the southern expedition. When Chen Jiao was the commander of Cao Ren's expedition to the south, he once worked with Cao Ren's troops in Jiangling. At that time, Zhou Yu came to attack. Cao Ren's trilogy led Niu Jin to fight and was surrounded. Cao Ren saw that Niu Jin was in danger, so he had to go out in armor. Chen Jiao advised Cao Ren to say: "there are a lot of bandits, and they are unstoppable. Even if it's a painful decision to give up those hundreds of people, general, why do you have to risk yourself? " As a result, Cao Ren insisted on going out to rescue Niu Jin and his army back to the city. After Chen Jiao saw this, he admired Cao Ren and said, "general, it's heaven and man!"

Pardon for capital crime

Later, Chen Jiao successively served as the prefect of Pengcheng and Leling, and the Western Duwei of Weijun. Once, a common man in Quzhou County was not cured because his father was ill, so he offered an ox as a sacrifice to pray. As a result, he was sentenced to death by the county magistrate (in the farming era, cattle were very important tools for farming). Private suicide is not allowed. Before the Song Dynasty, killing cattle without permission was a capital crime. Moreover, it is also against the etiquette and law for civilians to sacrifice cattle. After Chen Jiao knew about it, he thought that this man was a filial son, so he was absolved from his crime.

The ruling is reasonable

Soon after, Chen jiaosheng was appointed the prefect of Wei county. At that time, there were many cases of lawsuits and prisons in the county, and thousands of prisoners were imprisoned, and this situation remained for several years. Chen Jiao thinks that there are three codes in Zhou Dynasty and three chapters in early Han Dynasty. It can be seen that the state must have some basis in criminal code in order to make proper judgment and law enforcement. Nowadays, in order to avoid the complicated task of convicting, it is absurd to imprison all prisoners without thinking about other problems accumulated by long-term imprisonment. With his own strength, Chen Jiao verified all the crimes in the county one by one, and immediately made a reasonable ruling.

Never be surprised when things change

In 211 A.D. (the 16th year of Jian'an), Cao Cao led a large army to march westward to Ma Chao, and Chen Jiao was appointed as the prime minister. After Cao Cao's head teacher, Chen Jiao returned to Wei county again and became Prime Minister of Xi Cao. Later, he attacked Hanzhong with the army and moved back to the court as minister.

In 220 A.D. (the 25th year of Jian'an), Cao Cao died. All the officials in yedU believed that if the crown prince Cao Pi wanted to succeed him, he would have to wait for a formal imperial edict from the emperor. Chen Jiao, however, raised an objection: "when the king dies outside, the whole world is terrified. The crown prince (Cao Pi) should put down his grief and immediately succeed to the throne to stabilize the heart of the world. Besides, the king's other sons are also nearby. If they don't act immediately, some people may have different ideas and make the order between them chaotic. In this way, the country will face a major crisis. " So after Chen Jiao set up the proper etiquette, he let Cao Pi attack the Baron under the guise of Lady Bian's order, and Amnesty the world. Cao Pi later said: "even in the face of such a major incident, Chen Jibi can still show his brilliant side, which can be said to be a hero for a while."

In the same year, Cao Pi usurped the Han Dynasty and established the state of Wei. Chen Jiao was in charge of the affairs of the Ministry of official affairs, granted the Marquis of Gaoling Pavilion, and moved to the official office.

Integrity is the end

In 226 A.D. (the first year of Taihe), after Cao Rui, the emperor of Wei and Ming, succeeded to the throne, Chen Jiaojin became the Marquis of Dongxiang and had 600 households in the city. Once, Cao Rui drove to the door of Shangshutai. When Chen Jiao saw the presence of Emperor Ming, he went out and knelt down to meet Cao Rui, and asked him what he had said. Cao Rui said: "I just want to check a book." After hearing this, Chen Jiao responded: "these documents are the duties of ministers, not what your majesty should know. If the minister is incompetent, please remove him. Your majesty, you'd better go back. " After hearing Chen Jiao's words, Cao Rui felt ashamed and went back to the palace by car. It can be seen that Chen Jiao is very upright. Later, he was promoted to Shizhong and Guanglu.

In 237 ad (the first year of Jingchu), Chen jiaosheng was appointed as situ. In July of the same year, Chen Jiao passed away with the posthumous title of Zhen.

Historical evaluation

Cao Pi: Chen Jibi was a brilliant man in the great festival.

Chen Shou: Chen, Xu, Wei and Lu have been in this position for a long time.

Du Huangshang: however, if there is a program for a small matter, it is important to know that it is far away from the big one. If there is a lawsuit for a hundred officials, it is not the responsibility of the owner. In the past, the first emperor of Qin made a decision on his own affairs, and looked down upon the previous generation. Zhuge Liang, the king's assistant, who was punished more than 20 times, was introspective. He was also ridiculed by the enemy, and soon he was embarrassed. Emperor Wei and Ming wanted to write a Book of ministers, but Chen Jiaoyan said that he could not do it. Emperor Wen of Sui listened to the government day by day, and ordered the guards to pass on food. Emperor Wen also laughed at his annoyance. You can't take the place of a principal when you are a solid person. However, if you choose someone to appoint you, you will be responsible for the effectiveness of the appointment. If you believe in rewards and punishments, you will not do your best.

Hu Sansheng: Chen Jiao and Jia Kui were both loyal to Wei Dynasty, and their sons were all Zoming in the early Jin Dynasty. How could they be the transfer of wealth? It's better to be loyal than to be a native tree.

Wang Fuzhi: at the beginning of Qinglong and Jingchu, the disaster has already fallen and the cover is in danger. Without any consideration, this is a wise man. Is there no direct minister in Wei? In order to avoid the punishment of Chen Wei and Wei Wei, and to avoid the punishment of Wang Wei and Wei Wei Loyal also, the fruit has the body head not to sympathize with the deep feeling. ② Cao mengde punished the relaxation at the end of the Han Dynasty, and took Shen and Han as the law, so the subjects were heavy enough to stand; Sima Shi took advantage of it to win the hearts of the people, killed the king and died, so there was no one to defend. However, Wei's officials, such as Cui Yan, Mao fan, Xin PI, Chen Qun, Chen Jiao and Gao Tanglong, were not aware of the way of a gentleman, but they were upright, clear and strict, and disdained to accept bribes, extravagance and obscenity. Therefore, the principles and disciplines were rough, and they came down to usurpation.

Anecdotes and allusions

At the beginning, when Chen Jiao was a meritorious officer in Guangling County, he passed Mount Tai on his way as an envoy. Xue Ti, the Taishan prefect, thought he was very strange and made friends with him. Xue Ti once joked with Chen Jiao: "it's very good that you, a little county official, have made friends with me, an official of two thousand stones. It's just like the monarch of a neighboring country condescending to accompany his subordinates on a tour." However, Xue Ti also successively served as the commander-in-chief of Wei County, and both of them succeeded Chen Jiao.

When Chen Jiao was appointed minister, he was slandered by Liu Ye, the favorite servant at that time, saying that he was dictatorial. Chen Jiao was afraid and asked his eldest son Chen Ben for advice. Chen Ben couldn't come up with any ideas. His second son Chen Qian said to Chen Jiao, "the Lord is a wise and holy monarch, and father, you are a great man who cares for your life

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