Xiao Kui

Xiao Kui

Liang Mingdi Xiao Kui

He was born in nanlanling (now Wujin County, Jiangsu Province). The second emperor of the Western Liang Dynasty (562-585), the third son of Xiao Chen, Emperor Xuan of the Liang Dynasty, and the father of empress Xiao, Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty.

Witty and eloquent, full of literary talent. He was good at caressing his subordinates and won the hearts of the people. In the first year of Dading (554), he was appointed the crown prince. Dading eight years (562 years), officially ascended the throne, year Tianbao. In the fifth year of Tianbao (567), taking advantage of the surrender of Hua Jiao, the governor of Xiangzhou in the south of Chen state, he ordered King Cao of Zhu state, Yin liang of Zhu state, and General Li Guang to lead the water army, united with Duke Yu Wenzhi of Wei state, general Quan Jingxuan of Jingzhou, and general yuan Ding to attack Chen state in the south, and fought against famous general Wu Mingche of Chen state in Zhuankou. He lost Changsha, baling, and Hedong. In the sixth year of Tianbao (568), Wu Mingche invaded Jiangling, fled to Jinan, and soon returned to the city. In the tenth year of Tianbao (572), at the request of Huajiao, the three states of Ji, Ping and Wei were assigned to Xiao Kui in the Northern Zhou Dynasty, which became the vassal screen to resist Southern Chen. After that, he won the appreciation of Emperor Wu of Zhou Dynasty and the courtesy of Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty. Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty took his daughter as imperial concubine Yang Guangzheng of Jin Dynasty.

In the 24th year of Tianbao (585), he died of illness and died at the age of 44. His posthumous title was Emperor Xiaoming and his temple title was Shizong. He was buried in Xianling.

Life of the characters

Early experience

Kui, whose name is Renyuan, is the third son of Xiao Chen, Emperor Xuan of the Western Liang Dynasty. Witty and eloquent. He who is good at placating and controlling his subordinates can win the favor of his subordinates. In the first year of emperor Gong of the Western Wei Dynasty (554), his father, Xiao Chen, became emperor under the support of the Western Wei Dynasty. His name was Dading, and he was called Xiliang in history. Xiao Kui was named the crown prince. In 558, Xiao Zhen sent Xiao Kui to the capital of the Northern Zhou Dynasty.

Ascend to the throne as Emperor

Xiao Chen died in February 562 at the age of 44. Yu Wenyong, Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, ordered Xiao Kui, the crown prince, to take the next year as the first year of Tianbao. Xiao kuizun regarded his grandmother empress Gong as empress dowager, his mother queen as empress dowager, and his mother Cao guipin as empress dowager. In May of the same year, the Empress Dowager died, posthumous title yuan empress dowager. In September, the imperial concubine passed away again, posthumous title filial imperial concubine. In the second year of Tianbao (564), the Empress Dowager died, posthumous title xuanjing queen.

Crusade against Chen Guo

In the fifth year of Tianbao (567), Hua Jiao, the governor of Xiangzhou, and Dai sengshuo, the governor of Bazhou, came to join Chen. Hua Jiao sends his son Hua Xuanxiang to Xiao Kui as a hostage and asks to send troops to attack Chen. Xiao Kui reported the situation to Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, and Yu Wenyong ordered Wei Guogong, Yu Wenzhi, to lead Quan Jingxuan, the general of Jingzhou, and Yuan Ding. Xiao Kui also sent the king Zhu to lead 20000 troops to join Huajiao in baling. Then he fought with Chen general Wu Mingche and others in Zhuankou. Yuwenzhi lost and Yuanding fled. Xiao Kui's General Li Guang and others were also captured by the state of Chen. Changsha and baling were captured by the state of Chen. Yu Wenzhi put the responsibility of defeat on Xiao Kui's Zhuguo Yin Liang. Although Xiao Kui thought that the responsibility for the defeat should not be borne by Yin Liang alone, he did not dare to disobey the order and had to put Yin Liang to death. Wu Mingche captured Xiaokui's Hedong county and captured general Xu Xiaojing. In the following year (568), Wu Mingche invaded Jiangling and irrigated the city with Changjiang River. Xiao Kui fled Ji nan to avoid his sharp edge. Gao Lin, the deputy manager of Jiangling, and Wang Cao, the Minister of Shangshu, guarded the city. Soon after, Ma Wu, Ji Che and other leaders of Xiao Kui's horse army defeated Wu Mingche and made him retreat to Gongan County. Xiao Kui returns to Jiangling. In the eighth year of Tianbao (570), Chen sent Sikong zhangzhaoda to invade Xiliang. He was defeated by the army of Lu Teng and Xiao Kui, the general manager of Jiangling. Zhang Zhaoda invaded the green mud of Jiangling. Xiao Kui orders General Xu Shiwu to support him, but he is defeated by Zhang Zhaoda.

Three states

At the beginning, Hua Jiao and Dai sengshuo were defeated by Chen Guoren with yuwenzhi, and led hundreds of subordinates to Xiao Kui. Xiao Kui appointed Hua Jiao as Sikong and granted Jiangxia Duke. Dai sengshuo was appointed as a general of motorcycles and Marquis of Wuxing county. In 572, I came to Chaohua. When he arrived in Xiangyang, he asked yuwenzhi, "the Liang master has lost all the counties in the south of the Yangtze River. The people are few and the country is poor. To revive the declining imperial court, it should give financial aid. Did Duke Huan of Qi and King Zhuang of Chu monopolize the reputation of rescuing the state of Wei and reviving the state of Chen? I hope to lend it to several States to help Liang. " Yu Wenzhi thought that this was reasonable, so he sent envoys to report the situation to Emperor Wu Yu Wenyong. With the permission of Yu Wenyong, the three prefectures of Ji, Ping and Wei were assigned to Xiao Kui.

Appreciation and gift

In the 16th year of Tianbao (577), Emperor Wu yuwenyong perished in the Northern Qi Dynasty, and Xiao Kui went to Yecheng to appear in court. Although Yu Wenyong treated him with courtesy, he did not attach importance to him. Knowing this, Xiao Kui later took the opportunity to state his father's gratitude to Yu Wenyong's father, Yu Wentai, for saving his life at the banquet, and narrate the difficult and interdependent affairs between the two countries. Clear reasoning, fluent speech, tears. Yu Wenyong also sighed. From then on, he was especially appreciated, and his manners became more and more grand. Later, Yu Wenyong had a banquet with him, and zhalechangyi, an old minister of the Northern Qi Dynasty, was also present. Yu Wenyong pointed to Zha liechangyi and said to Xiao Kui, "this is the man who scolded me at the head of the city." Xiao Kui said, "Zha liechangyi didn't help Jie. He dared to bark at Yao instead." Yu Wenyong laughs. Drink to happy place, Yu Wenyong and ordered people to send lute from play. He said to Xiao Kui, "please be happy for the master of Liang." Xiao Kui got up and asked to dance. Yu Wenyong said, "can master Liang dance for me?" Xiao Kui said, "Your Majesty has played it himself. Why don't you dare to dance like a hundred animals?" Yu Wenyong was overjoyed. He rewarded ten thousand pieces of variegated silk fabrics and dozens of good horses. He also presented Xiao Kui with dancing girls and concubines from Gaowei, the leader of the Northern Qi Dynasty, and his horse, which traveled five hundred miles a day.

Yang Jian's courtesy

After Yang Jian came to power, Wei chijun, Wang Qian, Sima Xiaonan and others set up their own troops. At that time, Xiao Kui's generals all privately requested to send troops, and formed a situation of connecting with Wei chijun and others. They could advance for the Zhou family and retreat to the south of Taihang Mountain. Xiao kuijian will not allow it. Before long, Sima Xiaonan fled to the state of Chen, and Wei chijun and others were defeated one after another. In the first year of kaihuang (581), Yang Jian ascended the throne by Zen and established the Sui Dynasty as Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty. After succeeding to the throne, Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty was more generous and courteous to Xiao Kui. They sent messengers to reward three hundred taels of gold, one thousand taels of silver, ten thousand pieces of cloth and five hundred horses. In the second year of kaihuang (582), Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty prepared a gift of gold and married Xiao Kui's daughter, Xiao, as the princess of Yang Guang. He also plans to let Xiao Kui's son Xiao Li marry Princess Lanling. From then on, Xiao Kui ruled his country by himself. In the fourth year of kaihuang reign (584), Xiao Kui came to Chang'an to see him. Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty treated him with great respect. Life Xiao Kui's position is higher than that of the prince. He rewarded ten thousand pieces of fine silk, and all the precious objects are suitable for his heart. When Xiao Kui returned, Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty held his hand and said, "the Liang master has been staying in Jing and Chu for a long time, but he has not been able to restore his old capital. It is very painful to remember his hometown. I'll go to the Yangtze River and send you back to your hometown. " Xiao Kui came back to thank him.

He died of illness

In May of the fifth year of kaihuang (585), Xiao Kui died of illness. He was 44 years old and had been in power for 23 years. On his deathbed, Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty expressed his resignation and presented the gold sword he was wearing. His officials buried him in Xianling, posthumous title emperor Xiaoming, temple Title Shizong.

personal works

Xiao Kui wrote a collection of essays and fourteen volumes of the book of filial piety, the book of changes, and Xiaocheng Youwei, all of which have been handed down to the world.

Character evaluation

General comments

Xiao Kui is filial and benevolent, and has the magnanimity of a king. There are no people who do not cry bitterly when they sacrifice to the temple at the fourth hour. Especially thrifty, the management of the Ministry has a way, the territory of peace and stability.

Historical evaluation

Dugu Jialuo: "the master of Liang is the master of the family. He can't guess what he wants from his heart." Linghu de Fen's ZhouShu: "there is literature in machine debate. If you are good at caressing, you can win the favor of your subordinates. " Wei Zheng and others wrote in the book of Sui: "Xiao's power is equal to Liang's and Dou's! If we don't break down the old foundation, or if we are more advanced, isn't it because we are not in the way of Tao, and we don't anticipate power and favor? "

Historical records

Zhou Shu, Volume 4, Volume 18, Volume 40, northern history, volume 93, Volume 81, Sui Shu, volume 79, Volume 44

member of family

parent

Father: Xiao Zhen, Xuandi of the Western Liang Dynasty; mother: Wang Shi, xuanjing queen; mother: Cao Shi, Xiaohuang Princess

brother

Elder brother: Prince Xiaohui, fifth brother: Xiao Yan, king of Anping, sixth brother: Xiao Ji, king of Dongping, eighth brother: Xiao Cen, king of Hejian

Empress

Empress Zhang (empress Zhang), the daughter of Zhang Zuan, the emperor's son-in-law of Liang Dynasty.

children

At the end of the Western Liang Dynasty, Xiao Cong, the king of Yixing, the king of Jinling, the king of Linhai, the king of Nanhai, the king of Yian, the eldest daughter of Xiao Kui, the first princess of Jianchang, the second princess of Jin'an, the wife of Rencheng County in the Sui Dynasty, married Ma Duwei, the tenth grandson of Prime Minister Wang Dao in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and Wang Gong, the magistrate of Taolin county. Xiao, the wife of Dou Wei in Sui Dynasty. Xiao (empress Xiao), Empress of emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty. Xiao's family, the seventh daughter of Xiao Kui, married the grandson of Hou Mo Chen Chong, one of the eight pillar states of the Northern Zhou Dynasty.

Chinese PinYin : Xiao Kui