Xing Shu

Xing Shu

Xing Shu (July 22, 1759 - September 8, 1823), who was named Yumin, Zixuan and Quanshan, was a historian of the Qing Dynasty, bibliographer of historical records, bibliophile and epigraphist of Jiezhou (now Wudu of Gansu Province). Qianlong 55 years (1790) Jinshi, successive Zhejiang Yongkang county magistrate, Changxing county magistrate, Jiangxi Raozhou Prefecture magistrate, Nan'an Prefecture magistrate, official integrity, paperless, people call it "Xing Qingtian".

brief introduction

Qing historians, bibliographers of historical records, bibliophiles, and epigraphists. Word rain people, Quanshan. Jiezhou (now Wudu of Gansu Province) people, living in Zhejiang Jiahe. Qianlong 55 years (1790) Jinshi, Zhejiang Yongkang, Changxing County Magistrate. Official Jiangxi Nan'an, Raozhou Prefecture magistrate. He is proficient in history, astronomy and geography, specializing in historical tables, annals and catalogues. More than ten thousand volumes of ancient books were bought at home. He was friendly with Huang pilei. Huang pilei visited his home several times. He knew that his collection of works of song and Yuan Dynasties was very rich, and said that his books had their origins. He had studied the books of Qin Dynasty, and wrote the historical materials of Qin Dynasty catalogue. After two years' efforts, he collected them carefully and completed 80 volumes of complete records of Qin arts and literature. He works in calligraphy, stone and tablet. His works are known as "drawing materials from a wide range and examining them carefully". He and sun Xingyan once compiled a famous book of epigraphy, the world visiting stele record, which contains 7706 kinds of steles. There are 16 kinds of works, including Xi Xing Lu of Han Dynasty, differentiation of Jinshi characters, textual research on Guanyou classics, nanxuan Shicao, jiuyu Shitan and shouyatang Shiwen collection.

Life of the characters

When Xing Shu was a child, his family was extremely poor, and he used to study in a temple. Later, with the help of businessmen, he was able to take the exam in Xi'an. After winning the examination, Xing Shu returned to his hometown to take part in the next year's capital examination, which is also known as Chunwei. Fees are still a roadblock. Fortunately, at this time, people in Jiezhou had to go to the capital to report their income and expenditure. In ancient times, people called it Shangji, and the person in charge of going to Beijing was called Jili. This man took good care of Xing Shu. After he passed the entrance examination for Jinshi, he recalled many times that he followed Ji Li to Beijing. It's a long way from Jiezhou to Beijing, and it's not easy to go back and forth. Many students from other places in Beijing will not go home if they fail in the exam. Instead, they will find a "job" in Beijing, work and study, and wait for the local examination three years later. Xing Shu was a 32-year-old Jinshi in the examination. From Ju Ren to Jin Shi, it took more than ten years to prepare for the exam. Obviously, it's a challenge for him.
In the capital, Xing Shu got to know he Liang, a Manchu poet, under the introduction of nianjinghe, a native of Chang'an, Shaanxi Province. He Liang's original name and Hui Chou are bright. This is a banner man. His father used to be an official in Qinzhou (today's water). He Liang and Xing Shu have a very close relationship. In addition, he Liang's family are Manchu banners in Changbai Mountain, and they have a wide range of contacts.
At first, the two were in harmony with each other in poetry and prose, and later they exchanged topics about the collection of classics and history. Later, Xing Shu worked as a private school teacher in He Liang's family. In this way, he solved his living problems such as food and housing. In fact, according to later generations, when Xing Shu was a private school teacher in the Heliang family, his learning was also the fastest. Because he Liang's family has a large collection of books, as many as ten thousand volumes. At the same time, the Liang family was also connected with some official families, with their own family knowledge and contacts. There is no doubt that Xing Shu lived in Beijing for ten years and communicated with Hongshuo's old scholars at that time, which laid the foundation for his future success. Later, Xing Shu became an official in Jiangnan for a long time. He was sent to Yongkang County of Zhejiang Province as magistrate soon after he passed the entrance examination. In the first year of Jiaqing, he was transferred to Changxing County of Zhejiang Province as magistrate for 10 years. In Changxing County, Xing Shu did a lot of good deeds benefiting from the people, donated his salary to build Tongshan hall, rebuilt Pingzheng bridge, fengle bridge and other projects. Xing Shu is an upright official, and he is deeply loved by the local people. He is known as Xing Qingtian. Later, he was transferred to Raozhou Prefecture of Jiangxi Province as magistrate, and soon to Nan'an Prefecture of Jiangxi Province as magistrate. Later, he resigned due to illness and went to Xiushui (Jiaxing, Zhejiang) to recuperate. At the age of 62, he returned from Xiushui, Zhejiang Province to his hometown Jiezhou (now Wudu, Gansu Province), where he amused himself by writing books. During his stay in Jiangnan, he was good friends with Qian Daxin, Qian Dazhao, Ruan Yuan, sun Xingyan, Hong Liangji, Zhang Xuecheng and Zhang Shu, especially Qian Daxin and Hong Liangji, who were the key figures in the academic circles in the middle of Qing Dynasty. Qian Daxin once wrote a poem for him, in which he said: "only with eight talents can you become rich, but you will never have self-esteem". He was highly appraised.

personal works

Xing Shu is a famous historian. His works, such as textual research on the classics of Guan you, differentiation of inscriptions on gold and stone, and the book of rites on gold and stone, are of great academic value. During his stay in Jiangnan, he was good friends with Qian Daxin, Qian Dazhao, Ruan Yuan, sun Xingyan, Hong Liangji, Zhang Xuecheng, Zhang Shu and others, especially Qian Daxin and Hong Liangji were the backbone of the academic circles in the middle of Qing Dynasty. In the academic field, he put forward higher requirements for the study of public opinion. He said, "if you don't read more ancient and modern books, you can't do it. If you have more Lu books, you can't follow the local conditions and test each other." he meant that the knowledge in books should be compared with the knowledge in practice, that is, books should be compared with the content in stone carvings. His view was later developed by Wang Guowei into the mutual confirmation of paper materials and underground materials, It has become an inevitable way to turn epigraphy into archaeology. Xing Shu is not only good at learning, but also very good at writing poems. Qian Daxin, a famous scholar, once wrote a poem to him, in which he said, "only a person with eight talents can become rich, but his career can last forever, and he has no self-esteem." he was highly appraised. He died at home in 1823. All his life, he wrote in regular script. He made a careful examination of the tablet and compiled the record of the world's visit to the tablet with sun Xingyan. He wrote "distinguishing the differences between the inscriptions of gold and stone" and "collection of poems and essays of shouyatang". A study of oubolaoshi's calligraphy and painting and a record of calligraphers and painters in Qing Dynasty