Ma Jianling

Ma Jianling

Ma Jianling (1907-1965), a Chinese opera writer, was born in Mizhi, Shaanxi Province. Many of his plays are directed or performed by himself. His works include You Gui Shan, You Xi Hu, Zhao's orphan, Dou E yuan, blood and tears, etc.

Life of the characters

In 1924, he was admitted to Yulin middle school. In 1928, he graduated from middle school and taught in the county primary school.

In 1927, he joined the Communist Party of China.

In 1928, he graduated from middle school and taught in the primary school of the county. In the same year, he joined the Communist Party of China and was once the Minister of Propaganda Department of Mizhi County Party committee of the Communist Party of China.

In the winter of 1930, he was forced to leave Northern Shaanxi for Peking University. During this period, he became increasingly interested in drama.

In 1933, he took the place of his brother Ma Yuncheng to study in Peking University and lost the relationship with the Communist Party of China. In the summer of the 23rd year of the Republic of China, due to his brother Tan's illness, he came to Xi'an to watch the new operas performed by many troupes such as Yi Su society. He made a serious comparative study of the singing characteristics of famous actors such as Wang Tianmin, Li Zhengmin, Wang Wenpeng, he Jiayan, Su Zhemin, Ma Mingmin and Geng Shanmin, so as to enrich his artistic quality.

He studied in Peking University in 1934. He studied in the Department of philosophy of Peking University in 1935, and then taught in Qingfeng Normal University in Hebei Province. He wrote two plays, the drama "rush forward" and the Peking Opera "disgrace the Queen", in coordination with the Anti Japanese fund-raising campaign. After studying in 1936, he first taught in Qingfeng Jianshi, Hebei Province, and returned to Shaanxi in 1937 to teach in Yan'an Normal University. In Yan'an, he organized a local opera troupe to create and perform Anti Japanese drama "Chinese fist" and "a road" in Qin opera. In 1936, he and his fellow Chinese playwright Yan'an set up a local opera troupe. The sons and daughters of Greater China, also known as the national soul, was later changed to Qin opera, which was changed to the Chinese soul by Mao Zedong's proposal. This is Ma Jianling's early masterpiece, which has continued for many years. In the 27th year of the Republic of China, he joined the Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia Border Region People's drama troupe led by the famous poet Ke Zhongping. From then on, he left the education circle and devoted himself to the drama career he pursued all his life.

In 1938, the Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia Border Region People's drama troupe was established. He led most of the local people's drama troupes to join. He was appointed director of the people's drama troupe, and formally began his opera career. In 1938, the first anniversary of the Anti Japanese War, he performed his first modern drama of Qin opera "a road" in Yan'an.

In the autumn of 1943, a large-scale modern drama of Qin opera blood and tears was created. Through the experience and different treatment of Wang Renhou's family from the Kuomintang controlled area of Henan to the liberated area of Yan'an, the dark reality of the Kuomintang's reactionary rule was deeply exposed, and the happy life of the people in the liberated area under the leadership of the Communist Party of China was praised. After the performance of the play, Zhou Yang wrote an article praising the play for "putting forward the theme of class struggle, giving the theme a strong romantic color, and selecting a form familiar to the masses and easy to accept." Lu Kan Ru predicted: "in the history of Chinese literature, this drama must occupy an important position." In May 1944, the northwest culture and Culture Commission awarded the first prize for the script of blood and tears. In November of the same year, the Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia border region held a cultural and educational conference and awarded him the glorious title of "artist of the people". In March 1949, four scripts reflecting the achievements of literary and artistic creation in the liberated areas were selected into the people's literature and art series.

In July 1949, Ma Jianling, as the deputy head of the northwest delegation, attended the National Congress of literary and artistic workers in Beijing. He was elected a member of the all China Federation of literary and art circles, a member of the Standing Committee of the National Drama Association, and a member of the Preparatory Committee of the national drama Improvement Association. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, he was Vice Minister of the northwest ministry of culture and director of the opera improvement department, President of the northwest Opera Research Institute, and chairman of the Shaanxi Branch of the Chinese Dramatist Association. Although busy with official business, he is still working hard for the prosperity of socialist drama creation. Ding Qin opera has been adapted from four Jinshi, Taipingzhuang, youguishan, youxihu, Dou'e yuan and Zhao's orphan.

In 1952, his adaptation of "You Gui Shan" won the script award at the first national opera performance conference and was published in the people's literature magazine. After the meeting, he performed dozens of performances in Tianjin, Baoding, Taiyuan, Xi'an and other places, which were warmly welcomed by audiences from all over the world and well received by the drama circles. In 1956, at the first Shaanxi opera performance conference, "You Gui Shan" won the first prize for script adaptation, and later became an excellent play of Qin opera and other local operas.

In 1964, Ma Jianling and others created the modern drama "flat peach garden", which was criticized as a poisonous weed against the party and socialism. In July 1965, during the "Cultural Revolution", his body and spirit were destroyed. On October 18, he died in Xi'an at the age of 58. On April 7, 1980, the Shaanxi provincial Party committee rehabilitated Ma Jianling in Xi'an, and solemnly held the ceremony of placing Ma Jianling's ashes.

He died on October 18, 1965.

Main works

In 1939, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China put forward three political slogans: "insist on progress, oppose retrogression; insist on Anti Japanese War, oppose surrender; insist on unity, oppose division". Ma created a large-scale Qin opera "three forks" in time, which vividly educated the people to overcome the counter current of capitulation and anti communism and strive for a better situation. In the winter of the same year, in order to welcome the second congress of the Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia border region of the Communist Party of China, he also created a small opera of Qin opera "to the end", praising the exemplary vanguard and leading role of the Chinese working class in the Anti Japanese war. The next year, he created a medium-sized Meihu drama "two in laws" to promote the independence of marriage. In particular, the creation and performance of the Meihu comedy twelve scythes further shows his rich life practice and outstanding artistic talent. This comedy, which reflects the participation of the people of the border region in production and construction, is very popular with the cadres and the masses of the border region. All the troupes in the base area have rehearsed the play. In 1941, Ma restored the relationship between the Communist Party of China and the Communist Party of China. In 1942, Mao Zedong published his speech at the Yan'an Forum on literature and art. Guided by the principle of literature and art serving the workers, peasants and soldiers, Ma created a large-scale modern Qin opera blood and tears revenge with great political enthusiasm. The play reflects the two worlds under the leadership of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party with distinct class feelings; exposes the deep disaster caused by the rule of the Kuomintang diehards to the masses of the people, and enthusiastically praises the bright and happy life of the liberated areas led by the Communist Party of China; and successfully creates the typical image of Wang Renhou, a very poor, simple, honest, hardworking and brave farmer, who is very helpful to the education It has played a great role in educating the masses and boosting the morale of the army and the people. In 1944, Ma created the life comedy everyone likes, which reflects that the government and people of the border region transformed the sluggard into a new man. The play was performed at the conference of cultural and educational models in the Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia border region, and was unanimously praised by the comrades and leaders at the meeting. In order to reflect the people's desire for peace, democracy and freedom after the victory of the Anti Japanese War, Ma created plays such as "one family" (also known as "defending peace") and "the poor hate". "One family" reveals the Kuomintang reactionaries' sinister intention of sabotaging the "double ten agreement" and plotting to launch a civil war; and "hatred of the poor" shows the peasants' urgent desire to resist the oppression of the landlords and strive for liberation. These dramas closely follow the pulse of the times and play a role in mobilizing the people and attacking the enemy. Ma is not only a prolific modern drama writer, but also an expert in creating historical dramas and adapting traditional dramas. From 1942 to 1948, he compiled and adapted operas such as "killing fishermen", "huluyu", "Wang Zuo's broken arm", "returning to Jingzhou", "chopping Ma Su", "Golden Beach", "anti Xuzhou", "eight hammers", "Gu Dashao", "yufushan" and "Wu Yuan fleeing the country". The plots of these plays are moving, the language is vivid, and the characters are full. They are widely performed in the Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia border region and the Anti Japanese base areas, and have a far-reaching impact. Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De and others have watched some dramas and given them warm support and encouragement. Peng Dehuai and Wang Zhen wrote letters one after another, and highly appraised the positive role played by Ma's drama in the revolutionary war. In 1944, he was awarded the prize of "super model" and the glorious title of "artist of the people" at the conference of cultural and educational model in Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia border region. In August 1949, as a representative of the northwest liberated area, Ma went to Beiping to attend the first plenary session of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference and was received by Mao Zedong and other leaders.

During his teaching time in Qingfeng normal school and Yan'an normal school, he created and rehearsed Peking Opera and drama to promote patriotism and anti Japanese. After formally engaged in drama creation, Ma Jianling's Revenge of blood and tears, which is composed of Qinqiang opera and Meihu opera, was used to perform the stills, actively reflecting modern life and making contributions to the cooperation between traditional opera and the new era. He has written more than 60 dramas, which are deeply loved by the people in the border areas. Sorting out or adapting the traditional repertoire of Qin opera and compiling the new historical opera of Qin opera are another important content of his drama activities. He is also an excellent director and actor. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, Ma Li served as vice minister of culture of the northwest military and political Commission, chairman and vice chairman of Xi'an Branch of the Chinese writers' Association, northwest Academy of traditional Chinese opera, Shaanxi Province