Li Jia

Li Jia

Li Gu (March 12, 1627 - May 7, 1705) was born in the late Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty. He was a philosopher during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. He was also known as the three great Confucians at home with Huang Zongxi of Yuyao in Zhejiang Province and sun Qifeng of Rongcheng in Zhili. Li Shu's attainments in Neo Confucianism are known as the "great scholar at home". Li Gu, Li Bai of Meixian County and Li Yindu of Fuping County are collectively referred to as "Three Li in Guanzhong". Li's works were printed in Kangxi and Yongzheng dynasties, and were supplemented with four books reflexive record in Guangxu period.

Life of the characters

Li Gu (1627-1705) was born in the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty. His name was Zhongfu, and he was also called Erqu. He was also called the sick man of Tushi. His father, Li kecong, died in Xiangcheng, Henan Province in 1642. Li and his mother, Peng, were left behind to live a hard life. Peng was determined to teach Li Shu to learn, but he was unable to do so, so he was repeatedly rejected by his teachers. At the age of 9, Li entered a private school and only had 20 days of schooling. However, Li Fafen taught himself. He only relied on his mother's weaving and sewing, Li's firewood for food, and miscellaneous bran vegetables to make a living. As a result, the face is like a dish, so it is called Li dish. In his spare time when he was digging vegetables and collecting firewood, Li couldn't put it down. The county's book collection house gradually realized that the Li family was poor in mechanics, so it was left to ask. After several years of reading, Li Suiyue returned the books and wrote notes such as "rectifying the fallacies of the twenty-first history". When he was about 30 years old, he thought that this was not his own learning, not the right pulse of Confucianism, so he burned these books. From then on, he devoted himself to Neo Confucianism of song and Ming Dynasties. In the ninth year of Kangxi (1670), Li went to Xiangcheng, Henan Province, after his mother's three-year mourning period, to "summon the soul" for his father. Luo Zhonglin, the governor of Changzhou, sent someone to welcome Li to lecture. Changzhou's gentry, gentry and famous scholars vied with each other to listen. Later, Luo Zhonglin put together the contents of Li's lecture, which was called the important affairs of Kuang Shi. Li also gave lectures in Wujin, Wuxi, Jiangyin, Jingjiang and Yixing, and his lectures were recorded as liangxianghuiyu, Xishan Yuyao and Jingjiang Yuyao. In 1672, Li returned to Shaanxi. In the following year, he taught in Guanzhong academy, Yanta, Fuping and other places. He strongly advocated the freedom of teaching. He believed that "it's all about teaching to establish talents; it's all about changing customs and customs; it's all about teaching to set things right; it's all about teaching to turn the world around." It is opposite to the policy of the Qing government. Li's friends were all famous at that time, and Luo Zhonglin was the best friend in his life. Luo is from Lin'an, Zhejiang Province.

Shunzhi 16 years (1659) spring, Zhou Zhixian Ren, the beginning of the car, he went to Li Gua cottage, dedicated to make ye. Luo Zhonglin respected Li's learning and personality, and made great efforts to support Li in his life. The next year, Dang Zicheng, an 80 year old Neo Confucianist from Dali, came to Zhouzhi to study in Li. In the autumn of that year, Caixiyan, a native of Tianshui, Gansu Province, came to visit and formed a new year's friendship. In the early summer of the 18th year of Shunzhi (1661), Wang Sheng'an, 70 years old in Pucheng, came to Zhouzhi to visit him. During the reign of Kangxi, Gu Yanwu, a scholar, visited him twice to discuss his academic research. Li Gu's learning is based on Zhu Xi's and Lu Jiuyuan's schools. He believes that "Zhu's teaching is orderly, fair and plain, which is very convenient for beginners to learn"; Lu's teaching is the most watchful among Confucians. Li advocated learning from each other's strong points, attaching importance to practical learning, opposing empty talk, and advocating clear style and application. He said that "the study of Confucianism is also applicable to the study of Ming style". "In order to apply the Ming style to the right career, we have to guard the place, and we have to do something to help the people, but the world movement is not peaceful?" he stressed that "the Tao is not empty talk, learning is valuable for actual results, learning is not enough to start things and accomplish things, and in times of difficulties, we really support the women's ears. Li and Gu Yanwu repeatedly debated the issue of body and use, and put forward that "to understand the Tao, to be conscious of body, to govern the world and to use things". The "thing" of "seeking knowledge from things" is extended to practical knowledge such as "rites, music, military punishment, taxes and servitudes, farming villages" and "Taixi water law". He agreed with the view that "nature can't be seen without Qi", saying: "if you give up temperament instead of nature, what is the attachment of the so-called nature; if you are good at nature, how can you see it?" Li Shu's attainments in Neo Confucianism are known as the "great scholar at home"; Li Bai in Meixian and Li Yindu in Fuping are collectively referred to as the three li in Guanzhong. Li's works were engraved in Kangxi and Yongzheng dynasties. In Guangxu period, the four books reflexive record and other chapters were added and carved into 46 volumes of Er Qu Ji. The tomb is in the south of erqubao.

Historical records of Qing Dynasty

Biography 267 scholars

Li Jia, whose name is Zhongfu, is a member of the local people. It is also called Erqu. For the Erqu, Shuiqu is called Zhe and Shanqu is called Zhe. He advocated Guanzhong with Neo Confucianism, and there were many scholars in Guanzhong. Father can follow, for Ming Cai officer. In the 15th year of Chongzhen, Zhang Xianzhong, Kou Yunxi, governor Wang qiaonian, and governor of the military affairs, were able to beg thieves from the army. When he left, he said to his mother, "if I don't succeed, I should appoint a bone battlefield. My son is good at teaching my son. " We will do it. Defeat, death. His mother buried her teeth, which is called "tooth tomb". In the 16th year of Shi, his mother, Peng's family, spoke of loyalty, filial piety and righteousness in order to supervise him, and he also served his mother's filial piety. He was hungry, cold and bitter, and had nothing to rely on. He extricated himself from the secular life and took Changming Guanxue as his duty. If there is any feedback, it will not be accepted. Or said: "deal with the gift, Mencius is not." He said, "our generation can't learn from Mencius, that is to say, if we don't abide by Mencius' family law, it will be harmless."

First of all, when I heard about my father's funeral, I wanted to go to Xiangcheng and ask for the remains, but my mother couldn't leave in a day. After three years of her life, she went to Xiangcheng on foot to find her remains. She couldn't help but cry day and night. County Magistrate Zhang Yunzhong established a temple for his father and built a tomb on the battlefield, which was called "Yilin". Luo Zhonglin, the governor of Changzhou, said that the temple could not be completed overnight. He asked him to visit Daonan academy and give lectures to comfort the hope of scholars. All the scholars who spoke in Wuxi, Jiangyin, Jingjiang and Yixing gathered here. Then the flag regretted: "unfilial! Why are you talking about this? " That is to say, to go to Xiangcheng. Changzhou people yearn for it. It is a portrait of Yanling Academy. When he arrived in Xiangcheng, the temple was completed, but he mourned for the soul. He took the tuxi tomb and attached it to the tombs, holding his clothes like the first funeral.

In the 18th year of Emperor Kangxi's reign, he recommended erudite scholars and called them "Ji Du". He made a bed to save the province. The slurry was not imported, but was given false. Since it was closed, Yan Xi earth room, but Kunshan Gu Yanwu to the money. In the forty second year of the reign of emperor Shengzu, he traveled to the West and called him to see him. When he was old, he sent his son to be careful in his words and deeds. He played in his works "Si Shu fan Shen Lu" and "Er Qu Ji". On the special award to the Royal book "hold high and clean" to award. He said: "Confucius, Zeng, Si, Meng, set forth their opinions and instructions to complete the four books. They wanted to be scholars, and they could see their bodies and deeds. It's the virtue of heaven and the way of king. It's useful and helpful to the world. Otherwise, it will not be helpful for the world to make progress in a false way. Is it the original intention of sages and sages to set forth their opinions and the original intention of the country's expectation? " Juheng teaches people. One is to practice reflexively, which is recorded in seven volumes. At that time, sun Qifeng's learning flourished in the north of Rongcheng, and Huang Zongxi's learning flourished in the south of Yuyao. He was known as the three great Confucianists as well as Yu. In his later years, he lived in Fuping and was known as "Three Li" by scholars in Guanzhong. Among the three li, Li Yindu in Fuping and Li Baiye in Fuping.

Li Yindu was born in Fuping. Ming Xiangsheng. He is erudite and has strong memory. We should try to teach and review. Not more than a month, to the old mother begging, Zhao Xu. When his mother died, he was still alive. Because of his deep knowledge of Confucian classics, Gu Yanwu wrote the book of songs, which he called: "Mao and Zheng have their own voice." He also wrote the spring and Autumn Annals and said that Wang Wan was also impressed by Yan.

He was born in Xuebai county. When I lost my parents at the age of nine, I was filial to my mother. A little longer, read "primary school", said: "the road in is!" So he burned all the books and recited them every day. He has been living in Yangxian County for decades. Try two porridge a day, or half a month without salt. Always sit in silence, hunger, between the water fishing, Yiran disdain also. Xin Xi eulogizes, picks up in the mountain leaf book. The collection of the disciples is called the collection of mistletoe leaves. Sixty six years old, died.

Wang Xinjing, a native of Fuxian County, is a native of Erji. In the first year of Emperor Qianlong, he advocated filial piety, honesty and uprightness. The purpose of the theory is to be clear, new and perfect. He is careful not to catch his teacher, and the good annotation of classics is the theory of difference, while Yi Shuo is faithful. He said: "there is no big mistake in learning the book of changes. It's Confucius' theory of the book of changes. He can know the essence of the four sages through his personal experience." His works include FengChuan collection, guanxuebian and FengChuan Yishuo.

Vernacular translation:

Li Gua, whose name is Zhongfu, was born in Zhouzhi. Another word is er Qu, which means that the place where the water bends is called Zhe, and the place where the mountain bends is called Zhe. Although he was a common people in Buyi, he was content with poverty and advocated Neo Confucianism in Guanzhong. Many Guanzhong disciples respected him. His father's name is kecong, and he is the Ming Dynasty [Cai Guan]. In the 15th year of Chongzhen, Zhang Xianzhong invaded Yunxi, and Wang qiaonian, governor of military affairs, followed him to attack Zhang Xianzhong. Before leaving, he broke off a tooth and gave it to Li's mother, saying: if I can't win, I will bury my bones in the battlefield. You should teach my son well. Then he left, defeated and died on the battlefield. Li's mother buried his teeth and called the tomb "tooth grave". At that time, Li was 16 years old. His mother Peng explained loyalty and filial piety to him every day and supervised him. Li served his mother very filial. Hunger, cold and hardship, without a basis, but extricate themselves from the secular, to advocate the elucidation of Guanxue as their own responsibility. If there are gifts, they will not accept them even if they come ten times. Some people say: the way to make friends, accept gifts, Mencius will not refuse. Li said: our generation can never learn from Mencius. That is to say, there is no harm in not following Mencius' instructions.

At first, he heard that his father had passed away and was going to Xiangcheng to retrieve his father's remains. Because my mother was too old to be far away, she gave up her mind. After her mother passed away, she got up in front of her grave. Three years later, Ding you walked to Xiangcheng to look for her father's remains. But she couldn't find them. She wore the heaviest of the five mourning clothes and cried day and night. County Magistrate Zhang Yunzhong built ancestral halls for his father and tombs on the battlefield, which is called "Yilin". Luo Zhonglin, the governor of Changzhou, once worshipped Li Gu as his teacher and said that the ancestral hall could not be built soon. He asked him to go south to visit Daonan academy and give lectures here to meet the expectations of local scholars. Then Li Gu went to Wuxi and Jiang