Zhao Shuqiao

Zhao Shuqiao

Zhao Shuqiao (1847-1901), male, minister at the end of Qing Dynasty. In his later years, he was called shenzhai. Shaanxi Chang'an (now Xi'an city) people. In 1870, Emperor Mu Zong of the Qing Dynasty took the first-class examination to make up for his students. In 1873, he was elected to the imperial examination. In the following year, he was also a Jinshi, who was appointed to the head of the Ministry of punishment. In the following ten years, he successively served as the principal of the prison Department of the Ministry of punishment, the principal of the Department of Zhili, and the Minister of the Ministry of punishment. In 1899, he was the prime minister, Minister of the national affairs yamen, succeeding the Minister of military aircraft, and also in charge of shuntianfu (today's Beijing) official. He was forthright, fearless of the powerful and powerful, vindicated unjust cases many times, and "shocked the world with his straight voice".

People information

Life

He lost his parents and was raised by his aunt Dong. At the age of 20, he studied under Bai Jingwei, a famous scholar in Guanzhong (also from Chang'an). He was elected in 1873. In the following year, he became a Jinshi again, and was appointed the head of the Ministry of punishment by the imperial court. After the eighth year of Guangxu (1882), he successively served as a criminal officer wailang, a doctor of Huguang, a magistrate of Fengyang in Anhui, a governor of Wenzhou in Zhejiang, and a political envoy of Zhejiang. In 1895, he was promoted to governor of Jiangsu Province. Guangxu 23 years (1897) called to Beijing, served as the left Minister of the Ministry of punishment and the Ministry of rites left minister, the next year promoted to minister of the Ministry of punishment. In 1899, Yin Guangxu was promoted to prime minister in charge of military affairs.

Achievements

Zhao Shuqiao was a clean and honest official and loved the people. When he was the magistrate of Fengyang, the local people suffered from floods and droughts. In addition to the timely allocation of money from the government treasury for the relief of the victims, he also donated 2000 liang of money to buy a lifeboat and run a nursery. He also asked his wife and maidservant to sew cold clothes day and night to rescue the refugees. During his term as governor of Jiangsu, the Japanese opened Suzhou as a Japanese trading port in accordance with the Treaty of Shimonoseki, demanding to occupy Liangtian to build factories and houses. Zhao Shuqiao said to the Japanese, "if I defend the land for the imperial court, how can I lose it?" Because of the repeated concessions of the Qing government, Zhao forced some idle wasteland to be used by the Japanese, and "rent it at the age of 60" to restrict it. At the same time, he wrote to the Qing government, proposing "to keep the livelihood of the people", "to preserve Lijin" and to set up the textile and silk reeling industry by Chinese businessmen, which was beneficial to the country and the people. Later, unjust case was transferred to the Ministry of justice, and he executed justice and reacted to a large number of civil injustices. When he was in charge of the unjust case of Wang Shuwen (Wen) in Henan, Zhao Shuqiao dared to resist the resistance of the imperial dignitaries and release the innocent young Wang Shuwen, and he really killed Hu Tian. Mei Qizhao, the governor of the river course, Li Henian, the governor of Henan Province, and a number of officials in Kaifeng Prefecture and Zhenping county were dismissed and punished. In 1898, although Zhao Shuqiao was a senior official, he was still concerned about Sangzi. He donated 24000 liang of silver to rebuild the old Fenghe bridge (also known as Guling bridge) into a stone bridge (formerly a wooden bridge), 153.2 meters long, 1.7 meters wide and 22 holes. There is a pavilion beside the bridge, and Zhao Shuqiao wrote the pavilion: "clear even Wei tree, reflecting Kun pool, Han whale lying in autumn, Zhou Qi Chun Rong."

cause of death

In 1899, the Boxer Movement broke out, and the Qing court ordered him to play back with the resolute investigation. He thought that "the boxer bandits should not be relied on", but succumbed to the resolute intention of the Manchu bachelor, and put forward the policy of "pacify and use them, unify them to be Commander-in-Chief, and incorporate them into the army", so as to "guide them according to the situation". Empress Dowager Cixi accepted the suggestion. In July of the following year (1900), the Allied forces of the eight countries captured Beijing, and Zhao Shuqiao fled to Xi'an with Empress Dowager Cixi. When the invaders negotiated with the representatives of the Qing government, they pointed out Zhao as the "culprit" who supported the boxers and forced the Qing government to punish Zhao Shuqiao severely. Empress Dowager Cixi succumbed to imperialist power and agreed to her unreasonable demands. The "dismissal and retention" of Zhao Shuqiao was changed to "severe punishment by the Ministry of Communications", and then changed to "beheading the prison", and finally "beheading and making a decision". According to the news, more than 300 gentry and people in Xi'an joined hands to ask for Zhao's life, willing to protect him from death. In 1901, on the second day of the first month of the lunar calendar, tens of thousands of people gathered in Gulou, claiming to rob the Dharma hall. If Empress Dowager Cixi killed Zhao Shuqiao, she would go back to Beijing. Under such circumstances, Empress Dowager Cixi did not dare to put Zhao to death publicly. He was ordered to commit suicide in Xi'an, and Cen Chunxuan, governor of Shaanxi, was ordered to supervise the execution. On that day, Zhao dunjin did not die of suicide and arsenic. Under the pressure of Cen Chunxuan, his family was forced to paste the orifices with paper and drink wine before he died. He was 53 years old.

Major events

Sheng yuanwailang

In 1882, Emperor Dezong was promoted to yuanwailang by his ability of handling affairs and vindicating Wang Shuwen's unjust prison in Henan Province. He also inherited his uncle Xue Yunsheng's study of criminal law and wrote two volumes of "preparing for the exam in prison". When he participated in the case of Chonghou signing the "Treaty of rivajia" with Russia without authorization, he strictly refused to bribe and reprimanded the bribers.

He was appointed magistrate of Fengyang, Anhui Province

In 1884, he was a doctor of Huguang. In 1886, he served as the magistrate of Fengyang Prefecture in Anhui Province, which is located 20 kilometers southeast of Bengbu City and is equivalent to Bengbu City, Huainan City, Huaibei City, Suzhou City and some nearby cities and counties. During his four years in office, he "cleared up the accumulated cases, dissected them like a stream, and everyone was shocked." he tried his best to clean up the official administration, punished the illegal petty officials and yamen servants, actively tried to prevent natural disasters, donated salaries to help relief, handled relief, distributed cotton padded clothes to the victims, and ordered his wife and maidservant to sew cold clothes for the victims. The poor people in fengyangfu area are forced to live. Most of them give birth to drowned girls, and the baby nursery receives very few babies because of lack of funds. Zhao Zi donated his salary and created a law to protect and nurse the baby. He gave financial subsidies to the parents who gave birth to the baby girl and made them support themselves.

He served as a Taoist of Wenchu, Zhejiang Province

In 1890, he was promoted to Wenchu Taoist priest in Zhejiang Province (now Lishui County and Wenzhou area). He was not afraid of slander and difficulties, straightened out the salt affairs, and wrote a brief account of Wenchu salt affairs. In 1893, he was granted the Zhejiang provincial governor, and in the winter of the same year, he was granted the Zhejiang provincial governor. Faced with the harsh reality of Japan's invasion of Korea and plotting against China, he wrote to governor Liao Shoufeng to analyze the reasons for the defeat of the Qing army in the Opium War, and made suggestions on the defense, appointment of generals and military training in Changshan, Zhapu, Wenzhou and other places in Zhejiang Province. In 1894, he was promoted to governor of Jiangsu Province. The following year, the Qing government signed the Treaty of Shimonoseki with Japan, and Suzhou under the jurisdiction of Jiangsu Province was also listed as a trading port. He wrote to the imperial court, urging the preservation of Lijin and the recovery of his rights. He also asked for the rectification of Jiangsu salt affairs, Lijin and Taihu Lake Navy.

Summoned to be left servant of the Ministry of punishment

In August of the 23rd year (1897), "yishuqiao was familiar with the laws and decrees" and was called as the left servant of the Ministry of punishment. In 1898, together with Wang Wenshao, he supervised the General Administration of mines and railways, and also served as the Minister of rites and promoted the Minister of punishment. During the reform movement of 1898, he opposed reform. Liu Guyu, a reformer in Shaanxi Province, set up an industry and organized Baofu machine weaving Bureau in Shaanxi Province. However, he failed to collect shares among the people. He planned to borrow 200000 liang of Yufeng silver from Beijing and sent a letter to Zhao zuobao. Zhao strongly denounced the incident, causing the plan to run aground. After the failure of the reform movement of 1898, Zhao advocated that Tan Sitong should be killed without asking for a confession, which was highly appreciated by Cixi. This year, he donated 24000 liang of salary silver to his hometown to rebuild the 140 meter long 22 hole Guling bridge across the Fenghe river. He also wrote a plaque of "Zhou qichunrong" for the archway at the head of the bridge. After 1899, he was appointed Minister of the national affairs yamen of the prime minister, Minister of the military Junji, and then concurrently in charge of the affairs of Shuntian (today's Beijing) government officials. During this period, he was one of the most important officials in the central government. He tried his best to safeguard the imperial power and was very popular with the imperial court. Cixi has repeatedly given her satins, minks and other things. When the Qing government gave preferential comments to the ministers who "scrupulously abide by their duties and most meritorious service", Zhao was one of them.

Heroic sacrifice

In the summer of 1900, the boxers in the capital city clashed with the Qing army and the British Invaders. On the ninth day of may (June 5), Zhao fengcixi ordered him to visit Zhuozhou, believing that the boxers could not be relied on. However, because he was also sent to Zhuozhou to check on the co sponsors of the Boxer Rebellion, Shi Gang was determined to use the Boxer Rebellion to deal with outsiders. In addition, Cixi also advocated the use of the Boxer Rebellion. In order to protect his position, he catered to Cixi and played a resolute role back to the court. Soon after, the Allied forces of the eight countries captured Beijing, Cixi and Guangxu fled in a hurry, and Zhao also came to Xi'an. The leader of the Allied forces proposed to Yi Zhe and Li Hongzhang, the plenipotentiary representatives of the Qing government, to severely punish "the officials who have suffered the first disaster".

Among the "first calamities", foreigners were not able to investigate Cixi, but were resolute and died of illness on the way to the West. Those who could be "severely punished" were Zhao et al. At first, the Qing government punished Zhao by "dismissing him from his post" but the foreigners insisted on doing it again and threatened him step by step with force. The Qing government succumbed to the pressure of imperialism and changed it into "strict division of the Ministry of Communications", then changed it into "beheading the prison officials", and then changed it into "beheading the Supreme Court".

The news spread that the people of Shaanxi were not satisfied. On the second day of the first month of the 27th year (February 20, 1901), the gentry in Xi'an asked for Zhao's orders, and nearly ten thousand people gathered. However, Yi Zhe and Li Hongzhang telegraphed the imperial court, claiming that if they did not comply with the foreign notes, it would be impossible to prevent wadesi from leading the army westward. The Qing government had to change "chop and make a decision" to order suicide. On the third day of the first lunar month (February 21), Zhao tunjin and arsenic were not dead. Cen Chunxuan, the jailer and governor of Shaanxi Province, repeatedly urged Zhao's relatives to cover their seven orifices with tissue paper, and then drank wine. They died several times. Because of imperialist threats and the comments of the "main suppression faction", especially the governor of Southeast China, Cixi showed great favor to Zhao Shuqiao, but she had to deal with it more and more. The original plan of "dismissing and remaining in office" was changed to "Jiaobu Jianchu", and on February 5, 1901, it was changed to "temporary prison waiting", and finally it was decided to "chop and make a decision"; forced by the Xi'an gentry gathering to petition, in order to avoid accidents, it was easy to "give orders to commit suicide". Zhao Shuqiao "finally suffered from the great creation, and realized that it was not the Empress Dowager's original intention to force outsiders.". Cixi has been unable to help Zhao Shuqiao. The manuscript was written by his friend Wang