Ma Quanliang

Ma Quanliang

Ma Quanliang (1900-1965), a Hui nationality, was born in Hezheng County, Gansu Province. In August 1934, he was the director of security of Ningxia provincial government, in October 1944, he was the deputy commander of the 11th military general, in 1947, he was the commander of the first column of Ningxia security, and in 1949, he uprised in Ningxia. He died in Lanzhou on August 6, 1965.

Character experience

In January 1929, he was the head of the 1st regiment of the 1st Brigade of the 17th division, in June he was the major general of the 1st Brigade of the 64th division, in October 1930 he was the commander of the 72nd division, in February 1931 he was the former commander in chief of the 15th Route Army, in August 1934 he was transferred to the director of security of Ningxia provincial government, in February 1936 he was the major general, in January 1937 he was the commander of the 10th independent brigade, in July 1940 he was the commander of the 168th division of the 11th army, in October 1944 he was the deputy commander of the 11th army, in April 1946 In the winter of 1947, he served as the commander of the first column of Ningxia security, the deputy commander of Ningxia Corps in June 1949, and the commander of Helan army in August. On September 23, he uprised in Zhongwei, Ningxia. After the peaceful liberation of Ningxia, he served as the counsellor of the first field army of the people's Liberation Army, vice chairman of the Ningxia provincial supervisory committee, director of Ningxia Communications Department, director of Gansu animal husbandry department, director of Gansu water conservancy department, and member of the Central Committee of the democratic revolution. He died in Lanzhou on August 6, 1965.

Life of the characters

Ma Quanliang was born in a poor peasant family. In 1918 (the seventh year of the Republic of China), he joined Ganzhou as a soldier, and later entered the military academy run by Ma Hongkui in Suiyuan. From 1923 to 1949, he served successively in Ma Hongkui's army as commander in chief, monitor, company commander, battalion commander, regimental commander, brigade commander, division commander, director of security, deputy commander and commander. In the 19th year of the Republic of China, when he was the commander of the 72nd division of the 11th army, he led the troops in Tai'an to take part in the battle of Chiang, Feng and Yan Zhongyuan. He served as the front commander and was summoned by Chiang Kai Shek to Liuhe station.

Ma Quanliang was upright and progressive in thought. In 1927 (the 16th year of the Republic of China), Liu Zhidan, a communist who was the deputy director of the Political Department of Ma Hongkui, was restricted from freedom in Zhengzhou in the name of "training" because of the influence of Chiang Kai Shek. After Feng Yuxiang issued a wanted order, Ma Quanliang was sent by Ma Hongkui to escort Liu Zhidan across the Yellow River to northern Shaanxi at the risk of his life He gave Dayang 200 yuan as a travel fee, which is regarded as "sincere payment".

Liberate Yinchuan and Ningxia

When the war of liberation was approaching victory, Ma Quanliang judged the situation and united with senior generals in Ningxia. On September 19, 1949, he led the way to call the Northwest Field Army headquarters of the people's Liberation Army to express his willingness to solve the Ningxia issue peacefully. "Chairman Mao, commander-in-chief Zhu and Deputy commander-in-chief Peng said:" since the national army came to power, the leadership has been poor, the discipline has been weak, and the people's livelihood has been in decline. The disaster of war has spread all over the country. The strong have died of cannon fodder, and the weak have been trapped in the ravines. At the moment, the war is approaching the northwest and Ningxia is facing a new situation. Quanliang and other localities could not bear to have 700000 soldiers and civilians burned. Therefore, on the 20th of this month, a truce was held, the leadership of Chairman Mao was obeyed, and democracy was implemented, so that the people could stand on the throne, and the national foundation was as secure as a rock. As for how to reorganize the military and how to innovate the politics, we should wait for consultation and obey by consensus. " It made a good start for the peaceful liberation of Ningxia.

After receiving the telegram from Ma Quanliang leading the uprising, Peng Dehuai, deputy commander in chief, was very happy. On the evening of the 21st, he sent out an urgent reply to welcome the peaceful liberation of Ningxia: "commander Ma of Helan army, commander Lu of 128 army, commander Ma of 11 Army: We have learned from the telegram that the generals are very pleased that they wish to solve the Ningxia problem peacefully. We hope that the governor and his department will see it implemented immediately, and inform commander Yang Dezhi here "I sent a representative to Zhongning to get in touch with Commander Yang

While some senior generals headed by Ma Quanliang were preparing for the uprising, some subordinate reactionary officers were unwilling to fail. On the night of September 21, they held an emergency meeting and decided to kill Ma Quanliang and others and take the troops to Hezhou (Linxia today) to continue fighting with the PLA. At the same time, they spread a rumor that "the Communist Party should first be sweet and then bitter, and then the officers should be investigated for their crimes. Anyone with the surname of Ma should be punished All officers of the Hui nationality will be treated as horse bandits, "he said, adding:" the troops will go to the south to fight. ". For a time, rumors rose all over the army, people were in danger, morale was floating, discipline was lax, and then they fled in rows and companies. At this time, the city of Yinchuan was in chaos. There were endless gunshots, people barking and barking. Some soldiers even shot their guns into the sky, and senior officers couldn't stop shooting. In the chaos, some officers secretly transported military supplies to their homes, while some scattered soldiers took advantage of the fire. They went into civilian houses at night, demanded property, shot innocent people, and the people complained endlessly. What's particularly hateful is that some bad guys still pretend to be underground parties and take over warehouses, arsenals and repair depots by force.

In this dangerous situation, in order to maintain the peace situation in Ningxia and hand over a complete Yinchuan city to the people's Liberation Army, Ma Quanliang and Wang Boxiang, deputy commander of the PLA, made a decisive decision and went to wuzhongbao by Rencun ferry on the night of the 22nd to report the situation to the people's Liberation Army. On the morning of the 23rd, they talked about the chaotic situation in Ningxia with Zeng Siyu, commander of the 64th army, Fu Chongbi, deputy political commissar and Yuan peijue, chief of staff He requested that troops should be sent to take over Yinchuan City as soon as possible to calm down the riots, relieve the crisis, save the people in the city and protect the national property. He also asked to lead the way and enter the city together with the leading troops. At this time, peace talks are being held in Zhongning. It has not yet been signed and the PLA has not agreed to the request. At 2 p.m., in Zhongning, the PLA representatives Yang Dezhi and Ma Zhimin, and Ningxia representatives Lu Zhongliang, Ma Guangtian and Ma Tingxiu formally signed the agreement on the peaceful liberation of Ningxia, which agreed that the PLA would take over Yinchuan City on the 25th. However, less than two hours after the signing, Zhongning received a report from all parties that the Helan army stationed in Daba Xiaoba and the 11 army stationed in Yinchuan had been lost To control, to break up by themselves, to rob everywhere, to shoot guns, to make things out of control. At this time, Ma Quanliang, who had been waiting, asked to enter the city again. At this time, Ma Buqing from Ningxia also sent a telegram for help. In view of the critical situation in Ningxia, commander Yang Dezhi agreed to advance the PLA's entry into the city. The 191st division of the Chinese people's Liberation Army crossed Rencun ferry in the rain that night. Sun Shufeng, deputy division commander, led a company of the second and third battalions of the 572 regiment. Accompanied by Ma Quanliang and Wang Boxiang, taking 40 cars sent by Ningxia, the division entered Yinchuan City in the rain at 12 o'clock in the night, took over the airport, successfully completed the management task and controlled the situation. On the 25th, commander Yang Dezhi led his troops into Yinchuan and announced the peaceful liberation of Ningxia on the 26th.

Chen Yigui, former political commissar of 191st division of the 61st army, said in his 1984 memoir "liberate Ningxia" by Ningxia people's Publishing House: "the patriotic officers and soldiers of Ma's army, conforming to the historical trend, resolutely revolted and stood on the side of the people's camp, also made certain contributions to the peaceful liberation of Ningxia, and praised Ma Quanliang for completing the most glorious mission in his life."

Personal recognition

On December 23, 1949, the first people's Government of Ningxia Province was formally established. As a general of Hui uprising, Ma Quanliang was one of the 17 members of Ningxia Provincial People's government. He once served as deputy director of Ningxia supervisory committee, director of Ningxia transportation department, member of Gansu people's Committee, representative of the provincial people's Congress, director of Gansu animal husbandry department, director of Gansu water conservancy department, etc Democratic Party revolutionary committee, died on August 6, 1965.