Sima Fu

Sima Fu

Sima Fu (180-272 April 3), the word Shu da. He Nei County Wen county (now Henan Wen County) people. From Cao Wei to the early Western Jin Dynasty, he was an important Minister of the Three Kingdoms, an imperial clan of the Western Jin Dynasty, the third son of Sima Fang, King Zhaoyin of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and the younger brother of Sima Yi, Emperor Xuandi of the Jin Dynasty.

Since the time of Cao Cao, Sima Fu became a literary master, and then served as emperor of the Wei kingdom for five dynasties, and moved to Taifu. At the time of "gaopingling incident", Sima Fu assisted Sima Yi in controlling the capital and killing Cao Shuang. Later, the governor successfully defended the attack of Wu and Shu, which contributed to the stability of Sima's regime. However, he was very cautious. Since Sima Yi came to power, he gradually retired, and did not directly participate in Sima's plan to abolish Wei emperor. After the Wei Dynasty in the Western Jin Dynasty, Sima Fu paid homage to taizai and was granted the title of King Anping. Sima Yan, Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty, respected him very much, but he was not proud of it. He still claimed to be a minister of Wei until his death.

On February 3, 272, Sima Fu died at the age of 93. Emperor Wu mourned for him for three days. According to the funeral standard, Liu Cang, King Xian of Dongping in the Eastern Han Dynasty, was granted the posthumous title of King Xian.

Life of the characters

Early experience

Sima Fu was the third son of Sima Fang, the third younger brother of Sima Yi, the third son of jingzhaoyin in the Eastern Han Dynasty. All eight brothers were well-known, and were known as "Bada" at that time. Sima Fu is gentle and honest. He is honest and independent, and does not grudge with others. He also learned about classics and history. During the turmoil in the late Han Dynasty, he and his brothers still studied by themselves on the way of migration. Chen Liu's Yin Wu, who was famous at home, was exiled after being convicted. Sima Fu went to visit him, lived with him and ate with him, which was praised by the people of that time.

Cao Zhi, king of CHEN Si in Wei Dynasty, was very talented. He selected officials in Qing Dynasty and took Sima Fu as his literary master. Cao Zhi relied on his ability to be open-minded. Sima Fu always sincerely admonished him. At first, Cao Zhi didn't accept his opinions, but then he apologized to him. Later, Sima Fu was promoted to be the common son of the crown prince to assist Cao Pi.

Become an official of Cao Wei

In the 25th year of Jian'an (220), Cao Cao died. Sima Fu admonished the prince Cao Pi to save his grief, and made peace with the minister. He prepared for the funeral and supported Cao Pi's succession to the throne. Soon he became emperor of the Han Dynasty, which was Emperor Wen of Wei. At that time, Cao Pi selected officials such as Shi Zhong and Chang Shi, and used more people close to him. Sima Fu advised him, so he changed the candidates. Sima Fu transferred to be zhongshulang and geishi Changshi. He stayed in the province, except Huangmen Shilang and Jiaqi Duwei.

In 221, Liu Bei defeated Wu, and Sun Quan promised Wei Chengchen that he would send his son as a hostage and send him back to prison. He didn't arrive for a long time. Cao Pi was puzzled and asked Sima Fu. Sima Fu suggested not to press, but to prepare the troops and watch the change. Later, Yu Jin arrived only because he got sick on the road, but Sun Quan's son didn't send it. Cao Pi led his army to the Bank of the Yangtze River and accused the state of Wu of breaking his promise. As a result, the relationship between Wei and Wu deteriorated and the state of Wu stopped paying tribute. After that, Sima Fu was released to Hanoi as a Diannong, a Marquis of Guannei, and then transferred to the governor of zhuanqinghe. Sima Fu also held the same view as Xinpi in the period of Cao Pi. He opposed cutting Wu and advocated recuperation.

I've made a lot of contributions

In 226, Cao Pi, Emperor Wen of Wei Dynasty, died. Cao Rui, Emperor Ming of Wei Dynasty, wanted to use Sima Fu. He asked people around him, "does Sima Fu have the style of his elder brother?" People around him replied, "very similar to his brother." Cao Rui said, "I have two brothers, Sima Yi. What else can I worry about?" So Sima Fu was appointed Minister of Duzhi. Duzhishangshu was set up by Cao Pi, Emperor Wen of Wei Dynasty, who was in charge of state finance.

Sima Fu thought that in order to capture the enemy and win, we should be prepared first. Every time Zhuge Liang invaded Guanzhong area, the soldiers on the border could not resist, so they needed to mobilize the central army to go to the battlefield. In a hurry, there was always no time to prepare. We should select 20000 infantry units in advance and divide them into two units for combat. He also suggested that due to years of fighting in Guanzhong area and insufficient grain reserves, 5000 farmers should be mobilized from Jizhou to settle in Shangying for training in autumn and winter and farming in spring and summer. All these suggestions were adopted, so the supplies in Guanzhong were enriched, and they also responded to the attack of Shu.

In the third year of Jingchu (239), Cao Rui, the emperor of Wei and Ming, died, and Cao Fang, the king of Qi, succeeded to the throne. Cao Shuang and Sima Yi jointly assisted the administration. Later, Cao Shuang was in power, Li Sheng, he Yan and Deng Yang were in power, and Sima Fu didn't care about anything but correct his behavior to avoid being framed.

In 249, Sima Yi launched the "Gaoping mausoleum incident" and seized power in a coup. Sima Fu, together with Sima Shi, stationed troops in Sima men to control the capital. Cao Shuang's party was killed, and Sima Fu became the Marquis of the county of juechangshe for his meritorious service. Later, Sima Fu was promoted to Sikong and replaced Wang Ling as Taiwei.

In the fifth year of Jiaping (253), zhugeke, the great Fu of Sun Wu, sent 200000 troops to attack Wei and besieged Xincheng. Sima Fu supervised the defense of 200000 troops and sent Wu Qiujian and Wen Qin to attack in Shouchun. When the generals wanted to attack quickly, Sima Fu said, "it takes a lot of manpower for the attacking party to succeed. For the time being, we should use deception instead of fighting with the enemy." He was deliberately detained for more than a month before marching. At this time, Wu's soldiers were tired and the plague was prevalent, so he retreated.

In the sixth year of Jiaping (254), Sima Shi abolished Wei emperor Cao Fang as the king of Qi. Sima Fu did not participate in the direct planning, but was listed in the official seal of abolishing the king of Qi.

In the second year of Zhengyuan Dynasty (255), Jiang Wei, a general of Shu, attacked Longyou, and Yongzhou governor Wang Jing was defeated. The imperial court sent simafu to guard Guanzhong and lead the army. Soon after, Chen Tai and Deng AI attacked Jiang Wei, who retreated. Sima Fu returned to the capital and became Taifu.

No premeditation

In the fifth year of Ganlu (260), Emperor Cao Mao was dissatisfied with Sima Zhao's dictatorship. He led the palace to attack Sima Zhao and was killed at the gate of the palace. All the officials were afraid to go there. Sima Fu went there and put Cao Mao's head on his thigh. He burst into tears and said, "it's my fault to let your majesty be killed." Shangzao asked to arrest the mastermind. Just as the Empress Dowager ordered Cao Mao to be buried with the common people's etiquette, Sima Fu and Sima Zhao went to the table together and asked to be buried with the king's etiquette, which was approved.

Sima Fu was very cautious. When Sima Yi was in power, he deliberately avoided too much political participation. Then Sima abolished the emperor, and he did not directly participate in the plan. Sima Shi and Sima Zhao, because Sima Fu was an elder, did not dare to force him. Later, they made him the Duke of Changle.

Wei Chen for life

In the first year of Taishi (265), in the Western Jin Dynasty, Wei emperor Cao Huan was demoted as Chen Liuwang and moved to Jinyong city. Sima Fu went to pay homage, holding Cao Huan's hand, tearful, unable to self-control, said: "the day I die, I am also a pure Minister of the great Wei."

Sima Yan, Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty, made Sima Fu King of Anping. He ate 40000 households in the city and paid homage to taizai, Chijie, and Dudu, and set up official subordinates. At each Yuan meeting, Sima Yan ordered Sima Fu to go to the hall by car, while Sima Yan lowered his rank to meet him. When he was seated, Sima Yan personally offered a toast to his family. Every time Sima Yan bowed down, Sima Fu knelt down to stop him, and Sima Yan gave him mica chariot and green covered chariot. Although Sima Fu was so respected, he was not proud and often worried.

On February 3, 272, Sima Fu died at the age of 93. Sima Yan mourned for him in the East Hall of Taiji hall for three days, and presented him with "a Wenming secret instrument in the east garden, a court dress, a suit of clothes, a hundred pieces of Feilian, 500 pieces of silk cloth, a million yuan, and a thousand mu of grain" to help the funeral. The funeral standard is the same as that of Liu Cang, king of Dongping in the Eastern Han Dynasty. On his deathbed, Sima Fu left an order: "there is Wei Zhenshi, Sima Fu of Wenxian County in Hanoi. His name is Shuda, not Yi, not Zhou, not Yi, not Hui. He stands on the road and is consistent all the time. He should use a plain coffin as a single coffin and collect his clothes at that time."

Military achievements

Sima Fu is often regarded as a loyal minister and an elder. His political and military talents are generally ignored. Although his military talent is not as outstanding as that of Sima Yi and his son, it is still outstanding. He also commanded the troops to support Guanzhong and Hefei New City, and fought with the troops of Shu Han and Wu state, among which the battle of rescuing Hefei new city was the most famous.

Zhugeke, the Taifu of the state of Wu, commanded 200000 troops to attack Hefei new city with the great victory of Dongguan. The general simashi ordered simafu to command 200000 troops to rescue Hefei new city. When Sima Fu arrived at Shouchun, Huainan generals Wu Qiujian and Wen Qin asked for an immediate attack. Sima Fu said, "anyone who attacks must rely on the strength of the enemy to make contributions for himself. To use stratagems and tactics, we can't just fight by force. " It happened that Sima Shi also ordered that the new city of Hefei should be given up to Zhuge Ke for attack. When Sima Fu moved to Hefei, the garrison in the city knew that the reinforcements were nearby, so they consolidated their hearts and delayed their time. Wu's army was full of diseases, many soldiers were ill, and they were unable to attack the fortified city, so they were not willing to fight. Zhugeke besieged the new town for several months, but he was in a dilemma.

A month later, Sima Fu found out the situation of both sides, took the initiative to attack, and the Wu army was defeated. According to the biography of Zhuge Ke in the annals of the Three Kingdoms, "Wei Zhi's soldiers came to the rescue when they were cured, and he led them away." Zhugeke's 200000 troops were trapped in a fortified city and suffered from a lot of diseases. They were unable to fight against simafu's 200000 reinforcements. During the retreat, many injured and wounded people died and a large number of backward soldiers were captured. This battle ended with simafu's victory.

The characteristic of this example of war is to lure the enemy to make a difficult attack, to frustrate the enemy's spirit, and to use cutting-edge troops to attack the exhausted enemy when they are exhausted. Sima Fu was able to grasp the initiative of the battlefield, adopt the strategy of "to the people but not to the people", preserve and enhance his own strength, let the enemy consume their strength, and gather in a small city with only a few thousand people. Hefei new city is a dangerous place chosen by man Chong. It is small, solid and easy to defend. Zhuge Ke's 200000 troops could not be at the same time