Jin Luxiang

Jin Luxiang

Jin Luxiang (1232-1303), whose name is Jifu, was born in Lanxi, Zhejiang Province. Scholars in song and Yuan Dynasties. As the backbone of East Zhejiang School and Jinhua school, he is one of the "four masters of Beishan" and is honored as Mr. Renshan.

Jin Luxiang, whose ancestor was Liu, changed his surname to Jin because he avoided the homonym of Qian Liu, the king of Wu and Yue. He was fond of learning since childhood. He first learned from Wang Bai, and then from He Ji. His attainments became deeper and deeper. He studied all the books about astronomy, topography, rites and music, Tiancheng, bingmou, yin and Yang, and Luli. At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, political turmoil, although no official, but did not forget to worry about the country. Yuan soldiers besieged Xiangfan, and Lu Xiang offered advice to the imperial court. He suggested that heavy troops should go straight to Yanji from the sea route, and prepare the terrain of the sea ship. The experience can be based on, but it was not adopted. In the early years of Deyou, the Southern Song Dynasty was appointed by Di Gonglang, the editor and editor of the historical museum, etc. In response to Yan Zhou's appointment as governor of the state, he lectured on diaotai Academy. After the death of the Song Dynasty, he lived in seclusion at the foot of Jinhua Renshan, giving lectures and writing books. He was a backward scholar, and Xu Qian and Liu Guan came out of his house. He died in 1303, the seventh year of Dade in Yuan Dynasty, and was posthumously named Wen'an in Zhizheng period.

Among the "Jinhua four masters", he made the most outstanding achievements in the study of Confucian classics and history. His works include Shang Shu Zhu, Da Xue Shu Yi, Lun Yu Ji Zhu Kao, Meng Zi Ji Zhu Kao, Tong Jian Qian Bian, Ju Yao, Ren Shan Ji, and Lian Luo Feng Ya.

Life of the characters

Learning Neo Confucianism

When he was a child, Jin Lvxiang was very intelligent. His father and elder brother could recite the text to him. When I grow up, I will be more diligent and inspirational. The books on astronomy, geography, rites and music, military strategy, yin and Yang, and law and calendar are all carefully studied. In his youth, he admired the knowledge of Zhou Dunyi, Cheng Yi, and Cheng Hao, followed Wang Bai of the same county, and joined He Ji. He Ji's knowledge comes from Huang Gan, who was taught by Zhu Xi himself. At the beginning, when Lu Xiang met Wang Bai, he first asked him how to study. Wang Bo told him that he must first make up his mind, and listed the words of the Confucianists of his predecessors: respect is used to maintain his ambition, determination is used to establish his nature, ambition is to stand on the surface of receiving things, and the practice of respect goes deep into the inner of things, which is the basic method of studying. When he saw he Ji, He Ji said to him, "Huizhi has repeatedly said that the reason why a sage is a sage is that he has distinguished between natural principles and human desires, which should be implemented from today." From then on, Jin Luxiang's study and attainments became more profound.

The strategy of making contributions

At that time, the national movement of the Song Dynasty could not be reversed, so Jin Lvxiang decided to give up the imperial examination to become an official. However, he was conceited that he had the ability to manage the country and help the world, so he could not ignore the political situation at that time. When Xiangfan was besieged by the Mongols, the army of the Southern Song Dynasty became more and more urgent, but the rulers of the Song Dynasty did not dare to rescue. Therefore, Jin Lvxiang proposed a stratagem to contain the enemy's weak attack, and asked to send a large army to Yanzhou and Jizhou by sea. Then the Mongolian troops besieged Xiangfan could retreat without attack. Moreover, it describes in detail the route of the sea going ships, all the counties and counties, as well as the ocean islands, the difficulties and convenience on the way, and the distance and proximity of the journey, which can be implemented according to the law. But the Song Dynasty did not adopt it. Later, Zhu Zhen and Zhang Qing spoke to the Yuan Dynasty about the convenience of sea transportation, and the sea route they went through was almost the same as Jin Lvxiang's letter, so later generations admired the accuracy of Jin Lvxiang's plan.

Writing books in seclusion

In 1275, Emperor Gong of the Song Dynasty recruited Jin Luxiang from his position as editor and editor of the history museum. When the Song Dynasty was about to be subjugated, the country was about to change its owner, and bandits rose from all over the country. Jin Lvxiang lived in seclusion in the mountains of Jinhua. After the war stopped for a while, he chased the clouds in the valleys and rocks, chanted and sang, and looked at things in the world very indifferent. He usually lived alone and was dignified and solemn all day long. If he was dealing with people, he was full of interest and gentle. Discipline enlightens the younger generation of students, strict and responsible, do not know burnout, especially the value of loyalty. After he Ji and Wang Bai died, he led his classmates to mourn in their mourning clothes in accordance with the wishes of their teachers and friends. After the death of the Song Dynasty, Jin Luxiang taught in diaotai academy, Jinhua Lize academy, Lanxi Qifang academy and chongle jingshe Academy. Later, Renshan Academy was set up in xiaotianfushan in Lanxi City. Because he was rich in learning, broad in Neo Confucianism, profound in attainments and rigorous in thinking, as well as diligent in disciplining his posterity, students from all over the world came in droves. Scholars call him "Mr. Renshan". When he lived in seclusion, he taught and wrote books at the same time. Jin Luxiang once said that Sima Guang wrote Zizhi Tongjian, and Liu Shu, the Secretary, wrote Tongjian waiji, in order to record things before. He did not stick to scriptures, but believed that the recording theories of various schools were different from Confucius, which was not enough to be spread as a history. Therefore, the book of history was mainly concerned with the book of history, and later with the book of songs, rites, and spring and Autumn Annals. Besides, the old history and scholars were selected to record historical events in chronological style. It began under Tang Yao and then before Tongjian, and became a book called Tongjian qianbian. All the quoted books are annotated with textual research to correct its meaning, which is mostly not elucidated by the previous Confucianists. After the completion of the book, he gave it to Xu Qian, a student, and said to him, "the fine words and virtues of the two emperors and three kings should be imitated by later generations, and the shenbuhai of the Warring States period and the magic of Shangyang should be taken as a warning for later Kings. These books have to be published. " Xu Qian corrected these books and passed them on to scholars. Later, Zheng Yunzhong, an envoy to the government, submitted these books to the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty.

Died in the country

Yuan Dade died in 1303. In the early years of the Yuan Dynasty, Wu Shidao, a fellow countryman, became a doctor of Guozi. He passed a letter to the academic officials in his hometown and offered sacrifices to Jin Luxiang, a temple in his hometown. In the Zhizheng period, Wen'an was granted the posthumous title.

Character evaluation

Tuotuo et al. In the history of the Yuan Dynasty: "at that time, the commentators thought that the pure introduction of (he) Ji was like Yin Hejing, (Wang) Bai was just like Xie Shangcai (Xie Liangzuo), and (Jin) Lu Xiang was close to the two surnames, and he was also full of himself." Huang Zongxi's song and Yuan learning plan Volume 82: "Renshan has a textual research on Mencius, which was published at the end of Zhu Zi's book, but there are many contradictions. Therefore, those who contradict Zhu Zi do not think it is high to be innovative, and they also want to understand the Tao like Zhu Zi er.

Anecdotes and allusions

Jin Lvxiang has an old friend's son who committed a crime. The mother and the son were assigned to other people as slaves. They didn't know each other's life or death for ten years. Jin Lvxiang spared no effort to save them, and finally redeemed them to let their mother and son reunite. Later, the son became a dignitary. Jin Lvxiang didn't mention it all the time, but just asked after the hard work.

Academic thought

Jin Lu Xiang's academic career, from erudition back to engagement, is not empty talk of nature, and has written in both classics and history. Jin Shen was influenced by He Ji and Wang Bai, but was closer to Wang Bai. In the aspect of social and political thought, he inherited Wang Bai's spirit of paying attention to reality, and did not adopt the attitude of isolation from the world; in the academic aspect, he inherited Wang Bai's spirit of doubting classics, but he was more practical in his academic research. On the issue of mind, nature and Qi, Lu Xiang connected man with nature, combined with Confucian classics and pre Confucian comments, and gave full play to it. In his opinion, the transformation of heaven and earth includes Wu Wai. The sage wrote Yi, which is why he wrote heaven and earth. In terms of hexagrams, the 64 hexagrams and 384 Hexagrams are embodied in the heart of heaven and earth; in terms of time, spring comes into being, summer comes into being, autumn comes into being, all kinds of life and nature come from the heart of heaven and earth. The so-called heart of heaven and earth is benevolence and the way of life. Its image is one of the hexagrams in Fu. In winter, when the five Yin are on the top, the heaven and the earth are closed, and the cold is used to kill all things. If there is no life between the heaven and the earth, and the benevolence of the one Yang has gone back to the earth, this is the beginning of the heaven and the earth. It's a time of great vitality and popularity. Jin Luxiang followed the traditional saying that human nature is divided into temperament and nature of heaven and earth. He thought that Mencius' so-called "mouth is for taste, eyes are for color, ears are for sound, nose is for smell, limbs are for loss, and nature is for destiny". Mencius' so-called "benevolence is for father and son, righteousness is for monarch and minister, courtesy is for guest and Lord, knowledge is for sage, and virtue is for sage" In the way of heaven and destiny, there is no such thing as a man of nature. A gentleman is not a man of destiny. "This nature is the destiny of heaven and earth. The former's "life" is the reason of Qi, while the latter's "life" is the reason of Qi. The principle of Qi is based on Qi, and Li is also in it; the Qi of Li is based on Li, and Qi is also in it. Li Qi has never been separated. Heaven generates all things with Yin, Yang and five elements, Qi forms, and reason also endows it. However, reason is one, while Qi is different in clarity, turbidity and thickness. Therefore, people have wisdom, folly, virtue, nobility, wealth, and so on.

Posterity status

Jin Luxiang, He Ji, Wang Bai and Xu Qian are collectively referred to as "four gentlemen of Jinhua", also known as "four gentlemen of Beishan". The school they founded is called Beishan four school. In 1724, Jin Luxiang, LV Zuqian, He Ji, Wang Bai and Xu Qian were appointed as "great Confucians" to worship Qufu Confucius Temple. There are 73 "great Confucians" worshiping Confucius Temple in China, and Jin Luxiang ranks 22nd in the East Hall.

personal works

His works include Shang Shu Zhu, Da Xue Shu Yi, Lun Yu Ji Zhu Kao, Meng Zi Ji Zhu Kao, Tong Jian Qian Bian, Ju Yao, Ren Shan Ji, and Lian Luo Feng Ya.

Tomb site

There is a tomb of jinluxiang at the back of Tongshan in Huangdian Town, Lanxi City. Well preserved.

The four character couplet is commonly used in Jin's ancestral hall

In the Western Han Dynasty, Jin riji was granted the title of Marquis of long, and his son was awarded the title of Marquis of long. The following couplet refers to yuan jinluxiang.

Historical records