Don Saier

Don Saier

Don Saier (1399 -?) The female leader of the peasant uprising army in the early Ming Dynasty was born in Putai County, Binzhou, Shandong Province. In 1420 (the 18th year of Yongle), he led an uprising in jieshipeng village in Yidu (now Qingzhou), shaking the capital. In the early Ming Dynasty, Chengzu moved his capital from Nanjing to Beijing, renovated his palace, organized manpower, transferred grain from the south to the north, excavated canals, and enlisted hundreds of thousands of civilian laborers in Shandong, which made the burden of corvee heavy.

Tang Sai'er was a famous leader of Bailian nun who fought against the imperial court in the early Ming Dynasty. Tang Sai'er was born in Putai County, Shandong Province (now Pucheng Township, Binzhou City, Shandong Province), the wife of Lin San. After Lin's death, it is said that the Tang Dynasty occasionally got a stone box containing a Book of sword and war. After studying, the Tang Dynasty was proficient in magic and war. In the name of spreading the Bailian religion, he gathered thousands of people and started an incident in jieshipeng Village (now Qingzhou City) in February 1420, the 18th year of Yongle. After the incident, Tang Sai'er completely annihilated the besieged army and killed commander Gao Feng of Qingzhou City. People all over the country responded. The imperial court sent elite soldiers from the capital under the command of Liu Zhong, commander of Liu Shengyu, commander in chief of Anyuan. The Ming army surrounded tangsaier mountain stronghold. Tang Sai'er pretended to surrender and took the opportunity to attack the army at night. The Ming army was in chaos and Liu Zhong died. Tangsaier broke out. In the Tang Dynasty, the army conquered Juzhou, Jimo and other places and surrounded Anqiu. Tangsaier department was defeated by Weiqing, the commander of Shandong capital. But Tang Sai'er and others ran away without trace.

Life of the characters

Tang Sai'er's family is poor. She has been practicing martial arts from her father since she was a child. She has excellent martial arts skills when she is less than 15 years old. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Shandong suffered from famine for years and died of starvation. After the death of Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang, Zhu Di launched the "Jingnan battle", and Shandong was the main battlefield. After Zhu Di became emperor, he moved the capital from Nanjing to Beijing and renovated the palace. In order to support the officials and the army in the capital, Shandong people also organized the south to North Grain diversion, dredged the canal, dug the Huitong River, and recruited a large number of civil servants. In Yongle years, flood and drought disasters occurred continuously in Shandong Province. The common people eat bark and grass roots and survive, but still "corvee endlessly, levy and collect money endlessly", and the vast majority of the people are in a desperate situation.

Tang Sai'er's father is arrested for labor. She and her husband Lin San rush into the government to ask for food, and Lin San is killed. Her father died of grief and indignation, and her mother died of serious illness. She was determined to lead the uprising. She divided the jieshipeng village into four villages according to the terrain. She stationed in the highest South Village to watch the enemy and command the battle. She also built walls on the north and South cliffs, and built pools in the village to accumulate food and grass. The uprising army first conquered Qingzhou, a military town, seized weapons, opened warehouses to relieve the people, and then returned to the Shanzhai successfully. The commander of qingzhouwei surprised Gao Feng when he heard the news. He was followed by the army and surrounded by the uprising regiment in the valley. At night, Tang Sai'er suddenly launched an attack, Gao Feng was killed, and more than 1000 officers and soldiers were annihilated.

The success of the peasant army in the first battle inspired the people in the east of Qingzhou. In response, dozens of volunteers, including Binhong, Dong Yangao, Ding gugang, Liu Xin, Liu Jun, Wang Xuan, Hao Yunzhong, Bai Baier, Gao Yanger, Wang Zhuer and Yang San, set up. The peasant revolutionary storm centered on jieshipeng village swept through Qingzhou, Laizhou, Juzhou, Jiaozhou, Anqiu, Shouguang, Zhucheng, Jimo and other nine counties, and the ranks rapidly expanded to tens of thousands of people. Dong Yangao led more than 2000 people to punish corrupt officials, local tyrants and evil gentry in Juzhou, Rizhao and Zhucheng. In Shouguang, Anqiu, Jiaozhou and other places, the peasant army "destroyed the government and burned warehouses" to attack the Ming army.

The uprising army was so powerful that the local officials in Shandong were so frightened that the three departments jointly called the police. Zhu Di, Emperor Chengzu of Ming Dynasty, was shocked when he heard the news. He immediately sent officials to jieshipeng village to recruit, but Tang Sai'er refused. Zhu Di also sent Anyuan Hou Liu to be the commander in chief, and Du commander Liu Zhong to be the deputy commander in chief. He led 5000 troops to suppress and encircle jieshipeng village. Liu Sheng once crossed his toes in Nanping, defeated Japanese pirates in the East, and ruled Mongolia in the north. He was granted Marquis for his meritorious service. He was arrogant and didn't pay attention to the peasant army at all. Tang Sai'er seized on his weakness of being proud and belittling the enemy. He sent people to the enemy camp to feign surrender. He lied that there was a shortage of water in the village and he was in a desperate situation. He decided to break through the east gate to get water. Liu Sheng believed it and ordered him to concentrate his forces and guard the East Gate in an attempt to cut off water and trap the rebels to death. On the night of March 16, the rebel army suddenly launched a fierce attack on the enemy camp with weak defense, which made the enemy dizzy and run away in a hurry. All of them commanded Liu Zhongjian to die. After daybreak, Liu Sheng learned that he was caught in the trap and brought a large group of people to suppress him, but the rebel army had already disappeared. At the same time, in the area of Anqiu City, the fighting is also fierce. Binhong led the volunteers to attack the county. The city was about to be conquered. Because of the arrival of enemy reinforcements, the volunteers were defeated and withdrew.

Although the Ming Dynasty suppressed the peasant uprising, the main uprising leaders such as Tang Sai'er, Bin Hong and Dong Yangao were transferred safely. Zhu Di was so enraged that he put Liu Sheng in prison and executed all Shandong's political envoys, counsellors, procurators, deputy procurators, financial officials and county officials who had revolted on the charge of "perpetrating thieves to make no speech". In order to trace the whereabouts of Tang Sai'er, from March to May of the same year, he twice ordered the arrest of nuns and Taoists in the capital and Shandong Province. Later, he arrested tens of thousands of nuns and Taoists all over the country and escorted them to the capital for examination, but no trace of them was found.

There are many legends about Tang Sai'er in Qingzhou. In memory of her, local people changed the name of jieshipeng village to "tangsaier village" and "tangsanzhai". At the top of the mountain, there are also remains of the mortar, stone mill and village wall used by the uprising army in those years.

She made use of the extensive influence of Bailian religion in society to organize the masses. He called himself "Mother Buddha" and claimed to know the future. She went to and fro Yidu, Zhucheng, Anqiu, Juzhou, Jimo, Shouguang and other counties. First in Binzhou uprising, was found by the government, later to the Xiaoying area secret activities. In January 1420 (the 18th year of Yongle), she led the uprising masses to jieshipeng village in the southwest mountainous area of Yidu, and launched the peasant uprising on February 11.

Uprising process

Tang Saier was well known in Yongle period of Ming Dynasty. During the reign of Yongle, she organized and launched a large-scale peasant uprising under the cover of Bailian religion, and achieved two great victories. She became a famous female leader of peasant uprising in Chinese history.

Revenge for husband paper cutting for soldier

Tang Sai'er, female, also known as third sister Tang, was born in Xiguan, Putai county (now Binzhou, Shandong Province)? ）He practiced martial arts when he was young. At the end of Hongwu Period in the early Ming Dynasty, in order to fight for the throne, Zhu Yuanzhang's four sons launched the "battle of Jingnan". Shandong became the main battlefield, and the people were displaced by the war. After Zhu Di ascended the throne, he moved the capital from Nanjing to Beijing, renovated the palace, organized manpower, transferred grain from the south to the north, and excavated canals,

Hundreds of thousands of civil servants have been recruited in Shandong Province, and the corvee burden of farmers is heavy. Coupled with water, drought and plague, people's life is very difficult. People in Shandong, Henan and other places have come to the point where they eat bark and grass roots to support themselves. "People eat grass for food." In the 17th year of Yongle, "there was famine in Shandong, Henan and Shanshan, and there were still floods and droughts, until the bark was peeled and the grass roots were dug." The old and the young moved, bumped the road, sold their wives and children, in order to survive. (Guozhan, Vol.17)

According to folklore, tangsaier married at the age of 18 in troubled times. Shortly after her marriage, Lin San, her loving husband, was forced to die by the government. Tang Sai'er was in agony, arousing her resistance and determined to avenge her husband and the suffering villagers.

At that time, Binzhou folk white lotus religion prevailed. Suffering from the war and exploitation, the peasants widely believe in Bailian religion and seek spiritual sustenance and mutual help. Tang Sai'er was good at chanting Buddhist scriptures when he was young. In order to make his teacher famous, a legend spread.

After Lin San's death, Tang Sai'er often went to the cemetery to hold a memorial ceremony. One time, after a sacrifice to Lin Sanhui village, Tang Sai'er found the calligraphy and sword of Bailian sect in the stone crevice at the foot of the mountain. Since then, it has been widely spread in the countryside and yamen that she "knows all kinds of skills" and believes that "the sword is also a divine thing, only Saier can use it.". Therefore, the people called on the Tang Dynasty's Saima to know the future. She went to Yidu, Zhucheng, Anzhou, Juzhou, Jimo and Shouguang in secret.

Victory in the first battle

Tang Sai'er organized an uprising called "white lotus army", which gathered thousands of people. Because Putai county is located in the plain, there is no danger of high mountains and dense forests. When Tang Saier was in Qingzhou, he found that in Yidu County, more than 200 miles south of Putai county (the junction of Yangji and zhuya towns), there was an ancient stone shed village. The peak was 700 meters high, surrounded by cliffs. It was easy to defend and difficult to attack. Tang Saier also located in the center of Zhucheng, Anqiu, Juzhou, Shouguang and other places Jieshipeng village, as the site of the uprising, was officially uprising on February 11, the 18th year of Yongle.

After the Tang Sai'er uprising, the Ming government ordered Qingzhou Wei du to command Gao Feng to surround jieshipeng village in an attempt to eliminate the uprising army. As soon as the Ming army arrived at jieshipeng village, Tang Sai'er suddenly launched an attack at night, killing Gao Feng and others on the spot, and annihilating the Ming army in chaos.

After the victory of the first battle, tangsaier's uprising army gained great prestige. Based on jieshipeng village, she soon occupied Juzhou, Jimo and other counties and attacked the government and rich landlords. The local people in the east of Qingzhou responded to the uprising one after another, "destroying the official Yamen and burning the warehouses" and opening warehouses to help the poor. The rapid development of the troops to more than 20000 people shocked the capital. The masses in the east of Qingzhou responded one after another, and more than ten volunteers appeared in Yidu, Zhucheng, Anqiu, Juzhou, Jiaozhou and other counties. Among them, Binhong and Dong Yangao are the two largest teams. In this way, the peasant uprising centered on jieshipeng village was carried out vigorously.

After winning the first battle, Tang Sai'er took jieshipeng village as the base and attacked it continuously

Chinese PinYin : Tang Sai Er