Zhang Zhizhong

Zhang Zhizhong

Zhang Zhizhong, also known as Zhang Yonghe, was born in tuogezhai, Yunxing Township, Dongshan District, Luxi County, Yunnan Province on May 7, 1902.

Revolutionaries

The first generation of Communists in Yunnan

Since 1915, young Zhang Yonghe went to Kunming, Beijing, Tianjin, Tangshan, Shanghai and other places to study alone, and experienced the major historical events such as cai'e's national defense movement, the May 4th movement, and the May 30th Movement in Yunnan. From 1923 to 1926, he studied in the Electrical Engineering Department of Nanyang University (now Shanghai Jiaotong University). He joined the Communist Party of China at Jiaotong University and introduced Comrade Lu Dingyi to the party. He was the earliest member of the Communist Party of China at Jiaotong University and the earliest Secretary of the Party branch of Jiaotong University. In 1925, he was elected director of the Executive Committee of the Shanghai Federation of students and participated in organizing and launching the May 30th Movement. In August of the same year, he was dispatched by the all China Federation of students and the Shanghai Federation of students and returned to Yunnan to develop the provincial No.1 middle school. Li Guozhu, Chen zuwu, Wu Cheng, Yan Yingjun and others joined the Communist Youth League, and took their name list to the Central Committee of the Shanghai Youth League to establish the Yunnan Communist Youth League. In 1926, Zhang Yonghe left Jiaotong University, He has been engaged in revolutionary work, and successively served as the secretaries of ministries and commissions of Shanghai's fanan District, Shanghai's East District, Shanghai's west district and Shanghai's central district. In 1927, under the direct leadership of Zhou Enlai and Luo Yinong, Zhang Yonghe was responsible for organizing and leading the third armed uprising of workers in Hudong District of Shanghai. After Chiang Kai Shek launched the "April 12" counter revolutionary coup, in September 1927, Wang Ruofei transferred Zhang Yonghe to be Secretary of the Propaganda Department of Jiangsu provincial Party committee. At the beginning of 1928, Zhou Enlai was sent to Hubei as a member of the Standing Committee and Secretary General of the Hubei Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China. At the end of the year, he returned to Shanghai to report to the Central Committee. In early 1929, on behalf of the Central Committee, Zhou Enlai sent Zhang Yonghe back to work in Yunnan provincial Party committee, where he was once secretary and member of the Standing Committee of the CPC Yunnan Provincial Committee and Secretary of the special committee of Yinan region. During this period, he also served as secretary of the 101 division of Yunnan army, where Zhang Chong was the division commander, and secretly carried out the work of Yunnan army.

In 1930, the underground provincial Party committee of Yunnan was destroyed because of betrayal by traitors. Wang Desan, Secretary of the provincial Party committee, and others were arrested successively. At the beginning of May, Zhang Yonghe was also arrested by the Kuomintang government in Kunming, Yunnan. Fortunately, Zhang Chong, commander of Yunnan army, spared no effort to rescue him from prison. In 1937, with the consent of the party organization, he served as the director of the Political Department of the 184th division of the Yunnan army, where Zhang Chong was the division commander. In 1938, he went to Shandong and Hubei to fight against Japan. In the meantime, Zhang Chong used Zhang Yonghe's relationship with the Communist Party to secretly send him to Wuhan to contact the Eighth Route Army Office through Huang Luofeng, arrange Zhang Chong to meet Ye Jianying and Luo Binghui, and request to send progressive youth to work in the 184th division. Later, Zhou Enlai and Dong Biwu agreed to send some party members to work in the 184th division and established the underground Party branch of the 184th division. In 1939, Zhang Chong was dismissed for his secret report to Chiang Kai Shek by enemy agents of Yunnan army. The members of the underground Party branch were forced to evacuate, and Zhang Yonghe was unable to stay in the 184th division and returned to Yunnan. After 1940, recommended by Zhang Chong, he successively served as the head of education section of Luxi County and the president of Luxi normal school. He was "under the surveillance of secret orders" and "wanted" by the Provincial Department of education, the provincial police force and the provincial Kuomintang Party headquarters for continuing to publicize the idea of progress. In 1948, he participated in the armed struggle of Yunnan guerrillas led by the Communist Party of China in Luxi County. He once served as the county magistrate of Luxi County provisional people's government and Deputy Commissioner of Milu District Commissioner's office.

After the founding of new China. In 1951, Zhang Yonghe took part in the Party consolidation study at the Party School of Yunnan provincial Party committee. He was wrongly treated and expelled from the party for being arrested in 1930. During the "Cultural Revolution" in 1966, Kang Sheng called him "the traitor after the" April 12 "counter revolutionary coup in 1927" and suffered further persecution.

After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, in August 1982, the Organization Department of Yunnan provincial Party committee approved the review report of the Party School of Yunnan provincial Party committee, which said, "the decision of expelling the party from the party in 1952 should be revoked The party membership was further studied in 1948. The Yunnan provincial Party Committee attaches great importance to Zhang Yonghe's party membership and special project work. After full investigation by the special project team, the Organization Department of the provincial Party committee submitted a special report to the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee. On April 5, 1985, the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee gave an official reply to the Organization Department of the Yunnan provincial Party Committee on the issue of Zhang Yonghe's party membership. The article reads as follows: "on March 6, 1985, we received the report on restoring Comrade Zhang Zhizhong's 1925 party membership.". After research, I agree with you that Comrade Zhang Zhizhong's party membership from April 1925 to November 1948 should be restored, and the length of his party membership should be calculated continuously. The time he took part in revolutionary work should be counted from December 1924 when he joined the Communist Youth League. "

After the rehabilitation, Zhang Yonghe, who was 80 years old, served as a member of the fourth and fifth CPPCC committees of Yunnan Province until his death at the end of 1992.

Zhang Zhizhong's life experience is very complicated. Under the harsh revolutionary and war environment, under the impact of wrong treatment and previous political movements after liberation, especially under the severe persecution of Kang Sheng, the backbone member of the gang of four, during the cultural revolution, he has always maintained a firm belief in communism and pursued it all his life It is indeed valuable to seek revolution. When he joined the party in April 1925, there were only more than 1000 members of the Communist Party of China. He was one of the early members of the Communist Party of China. He was one of the few old Communists of the first generation in Yunnan Province at that time. He was a colorful legend and a revolutionary elder who should not be forgotten.

Resume and related events

In 1919, when studying in the middle school affiliated to Beijing Normal University, he experienced the patriotic student movement of May 4th and accepted the influence of democratic and scientific revolutionary thoughts.

He was admitted to Nanyang University (Shanghai Jiaotong University) in 1923. In 1924, under the influence of Yun Daiying and other Communists, he joined the KMT in the first climax of KMT communist cooperation and served as a member of the Standing Committee of the KMT's regional branch of communications.

In 1924, he Chang, the person in charge of youth work in Jiangsu and Zhejiang District of the Communist Party of China, and Mei Dianlong (Mei Gongbin), the person in charge of the Party branch in Xuhui District, joined the Chinese Socialist Youth League. In April 1925, he became a member of the Communist Party of China and became the first member of the league and the first party member of Shanghai Jiaotong University.

At the end of 1924, Zhang Bojian initiated the establishment of the "new Yunnan society" in Shanghai. The purpose of the society is to unite Yunnan's progressive youth, fight against feudal warlords and imperialist aggression under the leadership of the Communist Party, and become a peripheral organization of the party. Zhang Yonghe joined the new Yunnan society and became the head of the society. In 1925, Wang Fusheng, Yang Qingtian and Wang Desan of Peking University initiated the organization of Yunnan students' progressive organization reform society in Beijing, which is the peripheral organization of Yunnan Communist Party and League members uniting left-wing Yunnan students. Later, the new Yunnan society and the innovation society merged and changed their name to the new Yunnan society. Headquartered in Beijing, Xindian news agency is headed by Wang Fusheng, Wang Desan and Yang Qingtian; Zhang Yonghe is the head of Shanghai Branch.

In 1925, Zhang Yonghe actively participated in the "May 30" anti imperialist patriotic movement. He was elected executive chairman of the Shanghai Federation of students, member and executive chairman of the seventh all China Federation of students Executive Committee, and participated in the "three strikes" movement of strike, class strike and market strike led by the party in Shanghai. In August, he was sent back to Kunming by the all China Federation of students and Shanghai Federation of students to publicize the "May 30" movement. He introduced Li Guozhu, Chen zuwu, Yan Yingjun, Wu Cheng and other four people to join the Communist Youth League, and brought their organizational relations to the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League of Shanghai to establish the Communist Youth League of Yunnan Province.

During the May 30 movement, Xuhui District established an independent branch of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and Xujiahui ministries and commissions of the Communist Youth League (i.e. the district Party committee). Zhang Yonghe served as secretary of Xujiahui ministries and commissions of the Communist Youth League. Later, Zhang Yonghe introduced his classmate Lu Dingyi from Nanyang University to join the Communist Youth League. He became a member of the Communist Party at the end of the year, and established a Communist Youth League branch and a Communist Party branch at Jiaotong University. Zhang Yonghe served as the first Secretary of the Communist Youth League branch and the Communist Party branch at Jiaotong University.

In the summer vacation of 1926, Zhang Yonghe was expelled by the school authorities for participating in revolutionary activities. In fact, Zhang Yonghe has been Secretary of the Communist Youth League Zhabei District ministries and commissions, Secretary of the CPC Zhabei District ministries and commissions, engaged in professional revolution.

On February 9, 1927, Zhang Yonghe was elected as a member of the Jiangsu Zhejiang organization committee composed of Zhou Enlai, Zhao Shiyan and other seven people to organize and launch the third armed uprising of workers in Shanghai. In March, Luo Yinong, head of the Shanghai District Committee of the Communist Party of China, decided to appoint Zhang Yonghe as secretary of the ministries and commissions of the Shanghai District, where Shanghai's industrial workers are most concentrated. On the morning of March 21, Zhang Yonghe received the written order from Luo Yinong, Secretary of the Shanghai district Party committee, and immediately issued a general strike order to organize the strike of 100000 workers in the eastern part of Shanghai. Guided by the armed workers' picket team, he attacked the police station and department in Zhabei and the garrison of the Northern Warlords. Under the command of Zhou Enlai, Luo Yinong and Zhao Shiyan, the third armed uprising of workers in Shanghai won.

In September 1927, the party organization decided to transfer Zhang Yonghe to work in the Party Central Committee as secretary of the propaganda department. Leaders of the Propaganda Department include Wang Ruofei, Liu Bojian and Li Fuchun.

After the counter revolutionary coups of Jiang and Wang on April 12 and July 15 in 1927, the CPC Hubei Provincial Committee and Wuhan underground Party organizations were destroyed one after another. In April 1928, the Party Central Committee decided to send Zhang Yonghe and others to Wuhan to restore the damaged Hubei provincial Party committee, along with Liu Shaoyou (i.e. Liu Pingkai) and Yu Zehong. Before leaving, Zhou Enlai, then director of the organization Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, talked to three people and announced that they would form the provisional provincial Party committee of Hubei Province. Liu served as secretary, Zhang served as member of the Standing Committee and Minister of organization, and the rest served as member of the standing Committee and Minister of propaganda.

At the beginning of 1928, the Jiangsu provincial Party committee decided to appoint Zhang Yonghe as the Secretary of Huzhong district Party committee and nominated him as a member of Jiangsu provincial Party committee. On February 5, with the approval of the CPC Central Committee, 19 members of Jiangsu provincial Party committee were Xiang Ying, Wang Ruofei, Li Fuchun, Zhang Yonghe, etc.

At the end of 1928, Zhou Enlai spoke with Zhang Yonghe on behalf of the Party Central Committee,

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Zhi Zhong