Xu Shao

Xu Shao

Xu Shao (150 years to 195 years), Zi Jiang, was born in Pingyu (now Pingyu County, Henan Province). A famous critic in the late Eastern Han Dynasty.

Few famous festivals, good at evaluation, regularly hold "yuedan evaluation". He was born Xiaolian and served as a meritorious Cao in Runan County. He refused to enlist Sikong Yang Biao and took refuge in Yangzhou Mu Liu you. After being defeated by sun CE, Liu Yao fled to Yuzhang county.

In the second year of Xingping in the Eastern Han Dynasty, he died at the age of 46.

Life of the characters

Famous in the world

When he was young, Xu Shao had established a reputation, had integrity, liked to judge people, and appreciated many people. For example, fan zizhao and heqia were both famous at that time. At first, he was a meritorious officer in the county, and the Governor Xu Xun respected him very much. The house heard that Xu Shao was a meritorious Cao. He did not change his moral integrity and acted like a man.

Yuan Shao, a man of the same county, was a hero of the public family. He left Puyang to return home. He was very luxurious, but when he was ready to enter the territory of Runan, he sent away the guests and said, "can I let Xu Zijiang see my chariot and horse attire?" So I just took a car home. Xu Shao once went to Yingchuan, and he was accompanied by some elders with moral knowledge. Only he did not visit Chen Shi. When Chen Fan's wife died and went back to his hometown for burial, all the villagers went to the funeral, but Xu Shao didn't. When someone asked him why, Xu Shao said, "if Taiqiu (Chen Shi) had too much Taoism, it would be difficult to be considerate; if Zhongju (Chen Fan) had a severe temperament, it would be difficult to be accessible. So I'm not going. " Most of his comments on people are like this.

Comments on yuedan

Xu Shao's great Uncle Xu Jing, Xu Jing's son Xu Xun, and Xu Xun's son Xu Xiang all served as Sangong. Xu Xiang flattered the eunuch, so he was appointed as a marquis. He sent people to ask Xu Shao many times. Xu Shao thought that Xu Xiang had no moral behavior and shame, so he never went to see him.

Li Kui, a fellow of Xu Shao's County, was upright and had noble ambition. Xu Shao began to make friends with him, but later they had conflicts. Xu Shao and his brother Xu Jing did not get along with each other, so the public was dissatisfied with him. At first, both Xu Shao and Xu Jing enjoyed a high reputation. They liked to comment on village party figures and changed their topic every month. Therefore, Runan had the custom of "commenting on the moon and the day".

No call

Later, Sikong Yang Biao enlisted Xu Shao, and was promoted as founder and simple, which should not be regarded as the characteristics of the imperial court. Some people advised Xu Shao to be an official. He replied, "now that the villain is determined, the royal family will be in chaos. I want to take refuge in Huainan Donghai, so as to protect the old and young of my family." So he went south to Guangling county.

Finally Liu you

After Xu Shao arrived, Tao Qian, the governor of Xuzhou, treated each other courteously and thoughtfully. But Xu Shao felt uneasy and told his students, "Tao gongzu is famous on the surface, but not really on the inside. He is very kind to me, but this situation can't last long. Let's go. " So he went to qua to take refuge with Liu you, the governor of Yangzhou. Later, Tao Qian took in the guests who lived there.

In the first year of Jian'an (195), after sun CE defeated Liu Yao, Xu Shao and Liu Yao fled to Yuzhang and finally died there at the age of 46.

Xu Shao's elder brother Xu Qian is also well-known. Runan is called Pingyu county. There are two dragons (Xu Shao and Xu Qian).

Anecdotes and allusions

On Cao Cao

According to the records of Wei Jin Shi Yu, Qiao Xuan once persuaded Cao Cao to visit Xu Shao. After Cao Cao's visit, Xu Shao accepted it, which made him famous. However, there are different views on the specific process of Xu Shao's comment on Cao Cao.

Fan Ye's book of the later Han Dynasty records that when Cao Cao didn't get his name, he once offered generous gifts and humbly asked Xu Shao to talk for him. Xu Shao looked down on him and refused to say. Cao Cao found a loophole to threaten Xu Shao. Xu Shao had no choice but to say, "you are a capable minister in a peaceful world and a hero in a troubled world." Cao Cao left with great joy. "Zizhitongjian" contains the same view.

Sun Sheng's miscellaneous words of similarities and differences (notes and quotations from Pei Songzhi in the annals of the Three Kingdoms) says that Cao Cao once asked Xu Shao, "who am I?" Xu Shao did not answer. Cao Cao insisted on asking, and Xu Shao replied, "a son is an able minister in governing the world, and a traitor in troubled times." Cao Cao laughs.

Historical evaluation

Jiang Ji: Xu Zi will praise and criticize injustice and suppress Xu Wenxiu by pulling out fan zizhao.

Zhuge Liang: Xu Zi will be good at Zang in the Ming Dynasty. He can't raise people.

Zhuge Ke: since the end of the Han Dynasty, Chinese scholar bureaucrats have been slandering each other even more because they allowed their sons to be generals. As for misfortune, it is not a big criticism. However, self-restraint is not as polite as propriety, but justice is the only responsibility.

Runan: there are two dragons in pingyuyuan.

Shan bamboo slips: Guo Tai and Xu shaolun were the representatives of Ming and Qing Dynasties, and Chen Fan and Li Gu were the disciples of Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Ge Hong: Xu Zijiang's disciples took the precepts with their tongues. They argued and argued, and the clan became an adversary. Therefore, the people in Runan did not set the price again, but had the comments of yuedan. Emperor Wu of the Wei Dynasty was also deeply ill. If he wanted to take the first place, he ran about and died, and almost died.

Hou Han Shu: Fu Rong Jian Zhen, Zi Jiang Ren Ren. It's a shame to be chaste, but not to look around.

Sima Guang: since the end of the three dynasties, the beauty of weathering has never been as prosperous as the Eastern Han Dynasty. When it comes to filial piety and harmony, the nobles and relatives are good at power, they are lucky to use things, reward and punishment are unorganized, they bribe people to do business, and they are virtuous and stupid. Right and wrong are reversed. On the other hand, there are Gongqing, yuan an, Yang Zhen, Li Gu, Du Qiao, chen fan and Li Ying, who fight against each other and help them with justice. On the other hand, there are Fu Rong, Guo Tai, fan Pang and Xu Shao, who make private arguments to save their defeat. Therefore, although the politics are turbid, the customs are not bad. Even if they touch the axe and axe, they are stiff in the front, but they are loyal and hardworking. They start from the back and kill with their heels.

Wang Xiang: Xu Shao, a famous scholar in the Eastern Han Dynasty, praised him highly, which was called "yuedan review" at that time.

Hao Jing: it's enough to be a scholar. The Han Dynasty is dead. Shao is still able to kiss his cheek, and Jieyan is a yuedan judge. Fortunately, he was spared. How can he be a virtuous person.

Literary image

In the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the image of Xu Shao is similar to the official history. He has a reputation for judging people's character and ability. Cao Cao went to see him and asked, "who am I?" Xu Shao did not answer. Cao Cao asked again, and Xu Shaocai said, "you are a capable minister in governing the world, a traitor in troubled times!" Cao Cao was overjoyed to hear that.

Chinese PinYin : Xu Shao