Yao Mingda

Yao Weiwei

Yao Weiwei, a talented person, formerly known as Da, is a professor in the Department of literature and history of National Chung Cheng University and head of the Anti Japanese War Service Corps. Yao Weiwei is a famous historian and bibliographer in modern Chinese history. He was the first professor who bravely went to the national calamity and died for his country during the Anti Japanese war.

Life of the characters

He was born in Xingguo County, Jiangxi Province in 1905.

After graduating from Ganxian middle school in June 1923, he reluctantly studied medicine from his father, but he was reluctant to study literature. After listening to his friend's advice, he gave up medicine and was admitted to Shanghai Nanyang public school to study Chinese culture until he graduated.

In July 1925, he and Wang Li were admitted to the Institute of Sinology of Tsinghua University. He took Liang Qichao as his tutor.

In June 1928, Liang Qichao, Chen Yinke, Li Ji and others passed the examination and awarded the graduation certificate.

From 1926 to 1937, there were 16 kinds of books published, which made outstanding contributions to the study of history and modern bibliography in China.

From 1934 to 1937, he was a professor of historical research in Fudan University.

In October 1940, National Chung Cheng University was founded in Jiangxi Province. President Hu Xianhe hired Yao Mingda as a research professor of the research department.

In June 1942, the Japanese invaded Jinhua, Zhejiang Province and Shangrao, Jiangxi Province. In order to encourage morale and mobilize the people, Yao Mingda initiated the organization of the "Field Service Regiment" and was selected as the head of the regiment. He led more than 30 members of the regiment to the front line of the Anti Japanese War, and organized the youth field service regiments in Xinyu, Xiashan, Xingan and other counties.

In 1942, when the war broke out in Zhejiang and Jiangxi, Yao Mingda rose up to organize the "Field Service Corps" of National Chung Cheng University, compiled and printed the special issue of war service, published his speeches and the Declaration on the establishment of the field service corps, and led the whole corps to the front line of Anti Japanese war.

On July 7, 1942, Yao Mingda led more than ten league members to cross the Ganjiang River from Shikou. When it was late at Shekou, they took a rest in the ancestral hall of the village. Unexpectedly, the Japanese army launched a surprise attack. Yao Mingda cried out: "fight with the Japanese devils!" Fight with the Japanese armed with weapons. He snatched the gun from the Japanese army and was about to go upstairs to occupy the favorable terrain. A Japanese soldier fired, Yao Mingda was shot and fell to the ground, and another Japanese soldier stabbed him in the chest with a bayonet. "To die for the national calamity is to look upon death as one's return." Patriotic Professor Yao Mingda died in this way under the butcher's knife of the Japanese invaders. He was 37 years old. He became the first professor to die for the resistance against Japan.

In 1987, the Ministry of civil affairs of the people's Republic of China officially recognized Yao Mingda as a revolutionary martyr.

On September 1, 2014, the State Council of the people's Republic of China officially listed 300 famous Anti Japanese heroes and heroes in the Chinese people's Anti Japanese front.

In 1987, the Ministry of civil affairs of the people's Republic of China recognized Yao Wei as a revolutionary martyr.

On September 1, 2014, it was listed in the list of the first batch of 300 famous Anti Japanese heroes and heroes published by the Ministry of civil affairs.

He worked hard all his life and wrote a lot of works. He is famous for his loyalty, integrity and originality in Chinese historiography and bibliography.

Main achievements

academic research

Yao Wei's academic career can be divided into three periods: Tsinghua Research Institute period, mainly engaged in the study of Chinese history; Shanghai period, mainly engaged in bibliography; Jiangxi Taihe national Zhongzheng university period, mainly engaged in the study of Chinese history theory; in bibliography research, he initially established the knowledge framework and academic system of modern bibliography. In the study of Chinese historiography, Zhang Xuecheng carried out the study of Chinese historiography in an all-round way, wrote a series of chronological books of Chinese historians, and created a new discipline of historical science.

Yao Xianwei's exploration of the history of history began with Zhang Xuecheng, and extended it to his teacher Zhu Yun, as well as Shao, Lu, Liu Zongzhou, Cheng Yi and other famous scholars of eastern Zhejiang history. He wrote many chronicles, revealing not only the essence of the main idea of the spectrum, but also his social interaction and the characteristics of the times. The systematic bibliography works written twice in succession, especially the history of Chinese bibliography, have detailed materials and clear sources, which make bibliography a key to learning. All these works reflect the distinct modern color, which is worthy of being cherished by later generations.

The history of Chinese bibliography is the author's representative work, written in 1935-1936. The first edition in 1936 and the reprint in 1957 were accompanied by a postscript written by Wang Chongmin, which revised the original book and supplemented and explained some problems. The author believes that in the history of Chinese bibliography, "the spirit of the times is almost no special difference.". Therefore, instead of taking the time as the order, the book is divided into such chapters as narration, traceability, classification, constitution, collation, historical records, religious catalogue, specialized catalogue, special catalogue, conclusion, etc., "through the past and the present, so that the origin and development of Chinese bibliography can be seen at a glance", elaborating in detail the birth and development of Chinese bibliography, and summarizing the introduction of western book classification and cataloging theory into China in the 1930s The changes of Bibliography in China after 1949. The book is permeated with the author's viewpoint of bibliography, that is to say, bibliography is a special academic field, which is "to distinguish the academic chapters, to examine the source and development of the mirror, to seek books for people, and to study books for books". In the conclusion, he points out that the characteristics of ancient Chinese bibliography are that it pays more attention to classification than cataloging, emphasizes writing and solving problems, and ignores indexing. He advocated unifying classification, compiling subject catalogue, making the method of searching books easy to learn and easy to do, and bibliography a common knowledge. It is an influential academic monograph with rich historical materials and original opinions.

Promoting women's Liberation Movement

In the early 1930s, following the momentum of "women's Liberation" and "women's movement" which rose shortly after the May 4th movement, a unique Bookstore named "women's bookstore" appeared in Shanghai and issued "women's monthly" to fight for women's liberation. At that time, the old women's magazine (Commercial Press) ceased publication in 1931, while women's life, edited by Shen Zijiu, had not yet been published. The emergence of women's monthly and women's bookstore once aroused the concern of women's circles and enthusiasts who supported women's movement. Yao Mingda, a professor of Jinan University and Huang Xinmian, his wife, are the founders of women's bookstore and women's monthly.

Yao Mingda and his wife Huang Xinmian are not only engaged in women's work, but also have a whole set of plans to serve women. In addition to bookstores and monthly magazines, there are women's libraries, women's compulsory correspondence schools and women's scholarships to be set up at the same time, which have been carried out separately. The origins, regulations, etc. have been drawn up and the work has been carried out.

Their ambition to do all kinds of work for women first sprouted in 1929. At that time, Yao Mingda was still working in the commercial press. He felt that women did not have their own history, lack of understanding of themselves, and did not provide them with the knowledge they needed. Therefore, he was determined to study women's history, write a history of women in China, and set up a women's library. For this reason, he kept accumulating historical materials about women, purchased thousands of women's books, and wrote a history of women in China.

In 1932, Japanese imperialism launched a war of aggression in Shanghai, which destroyed both the commercial press and Yao Mingda's family. The books, historical materials and some manuscripts accumulated for the women's Library and women's history of China were burned by the Japanese invaders. His plan to work for women was completely destroyed. After this heavy damage, what he worried about was not the loss of his family property, but how to help women's liberation, which led to the idea of running women's monthly to promote women's awakening. He wrote to friends from all over the world about this plan. Although it won wide support, more than one person suggested that the publication should be supported by a bookstore first, so he decided to set up a women's bookstore first. Therefore, the motivation of running a bookstore stems from running a monthly magazine, and the motivation of running a monthly magazine stems from inspiring women's wisdom and promoting women's liberation movement.

Women's Library

Women's bookstores were started by Yao Mingda and Huang Xinmian, who took out their contributions and savings, so their economic strength was very weak. But they have many friends who support them and are willing to give up the payment for their contributions. In this way, from the original lease of a writing room in Yuanmingyuan to the "September 18" day in 1932, it was moved to mingdeli 8, Xiafei road. More than a year later, he moved to 523 Xiafei Road, and then to 219 saposei road.

"Women's monthly" was once seized by the authorities and was hit by an accident, but only a few books were published later, resulting in a dilemma. At this time, Yao Mingda took on more responsibilities in store and magazine affairs, and appointed the new China Book Company to handle the wholesale department. However, Huang Xinmian was exhausted and died in early May, just after the third anniversary of the founding of the women's bookstore. Yao Mingda was suddenly hit so hard that he couldn't accept it for a moment. As he said in a notice on women's monthly, he was "restless" and appointed Feng Hezi as editor in chief of women's monthly. He naturally neglected the business of women's Library and women's bookstore. The women's library was at a standstill for a while, and the women's bookstore seemed to be gradually silent.

Fighting against the Japanese aggressors

Professor Yao Weiwei (Mingda) was a model for intellectuals to support and participate in the Anti Japanese war. As early as after "9.18", he denounced Jiang's extreme compromise with Japan and called on the whole people to resist Japan and save the nation. He felt deeply about the miserable situation of Chinese women. Together with his wife Huang Xinmian, he took out his meagre fortune and founded the first women's bookstore, jointly creating women's monthly, which actively promoted the improvement of women's lives and ideological understanding