Murong Chao

Murong Chao

Murongchao (385-410), a native of Jicheng (now Yixian County, Liaoning Province), is of Xianbei nationality. The last emperor of Nanyan, the grandson of Murong, the former civilized emperor of Yan, the nephew of Murong De, the Xianwu emperor of Nanyan, and the son of Murong Na, the Mu king of Beihai.

Born in the west of Qiang, he cheated Yao Xing, the emperor of the later Qin Dynasty, to seek a way out. Later, he returned to Nanyan with a golden sword, worshipped the general of Shizhong and Hushi, and became the king of Beihai. Before murongde's death, he became the crown prince. In the first year of the reign (405), many aristocrats defected. After calming down the country, you ye countless, extravagant waste, abuse imperial ministers, separated people. Liu Yu, the powerful minister of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, led the attack by plundering the people on the border of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

In 410, Chengpo was captured and Nanyan perished. Three thousand people were killed in Jiankang, who was only 26 years old.

Life of the characters

Uncle Jindao

Murongchao, whose name is Zuming, is the son of murongna, the elder brother of murongde, Emperor Xianwu of Yan Dynasty. In the fifth year of Taihe (the sixth year of Jianyuan of the former Qin Dynasty, 370), Fu Jian, Emperor Xuanzhao of the Qin Dynasty, conquered Yecheng, and the former Yan Dynasty perished. Fu Jian appointed murongna as the prefect of Guangwu. A few years later, murongna resigned his official post and lived in Zhangye (now Zhangye, Gansu). In the eighth year of the Taiyuan Dynasty (the 19th year of the Jianyuan Dynasty, 383), Murong left Jindao when he went to the south. When Murong Chui, the elder brother of Murong Na, set up the post Yan army in Shandong, Fu Chang, the former governor of Zhangye in the Qin Dynasty, arrested and killed all Murong Na and Murong De's sons. Murongna's mother, Gongsun, was saved from death because of her old age. Murongna's wife, Duan, was pregnant and not executed. She was imprisoned in the county prison. Hu Yanping, an official in charge of the prison, turned out to be a minor official under murongde. He once committed a capital crime, and murongde pardoned him. At this time, Hu Yanping with Gongsun and Duan fled to the place where Qiang people lived, and gave birth to murongchao.

When murongchao was ten years old, his grandmother Gongsun died. On his deathbed, he handed the golden sword to murongchao and said, "if there is peace in the world, you can go back to your hometown eastward and return the sword to your uncle murongde." Hu Yanping took Murong Chao's mother and son to lvguang, the leader of Houliang kingdom. After the reign of Lu long, when Yao Xing, the emperor of the late Qin Dynasty, surrendered, Murong Chao's mother and son were moved to Chang'an (now Xi'an, Shaanxi). Murongchao's mother said to murongchao, "it's the power of Huyan that our mother and son are able to save their lives. Although Hu Yanping is dead now, I intend to marry her daughter for you in return for her kindness. " So Murong Chao married Hu Yanping's daughter.

Because his uncles were all in the East, Murong Chao worried that he would be arrested by Yao Xing, the emperor of the later Qin Dynasty, so he pretended to be crazy and begged. Later Qin people despised him, only Yao Shao was surprised to see him, and advised Yao Xing to use the title to restrain him. Yao Xing summons Murong Chao to talk to him. Murong Chao shows no signs and deliberately pretends to be stupid. Yao Xing despises Murong Chao and says to Yao Shao, "the proverb" Yan PI Bu Bu Bu Bu Chi Gu "is just a ridiculous sentence." So Murong Chao can come and go freely. Murongde sent someone to pick up murongchao. Murongchao didn't tell his mother and wife, so he went back with them. When he arrived in Guanggu, Murong Chao showed his golden knife and told Murong de everything his grandmother said when she was dying. Murong de touched the golden knife and cried with grief.

That is, the throne

Murong Chao is eight feet tall, with a nine girth belt, beautiful hair and graceful appearance. Murongde treated him with great courtesy and began to name him murongchao. He was granted the title of king of Beihai, and was granted the title of Shizhong, Hushi general, Sili Xiaowei, Kaifu and assistant officials. Murongde has no son. He plans to take murongchao as his successor and build a house for murongchao in wanchunmenli to observe all day. Murongchao also understood murongde's meaning very well. When he was at home, he was very willing to serve murongde. When he was outside, he was courteous to sages, so both inside and outside praised him. Soon afterwards, he was made Prince.

In the first year of the reign of Yixi (the sixth year of Jianping in Nanyan, 405), murongde died. Murongchao became the emperor and was granted amnesty. His name was changed to supreme. His wife, Duan, was empress dowager. Murong Zhong was appointed as the commander in chief of all the Chinese and foreign armies and Lu Shangshu affairs; Murong FA was appointed as the commander in chief of the four states of Zhengnan, Xuzhou, Yanzhou, Yangzhou and nanyanzhou; Murong town was appointed as Kaifu, Yitong, Sansi and Shangshu orders; Fengfu was appointed as Taiwei, Ju Zhong as Sikong, pan Cong as zuoguanlu, Fengsong as Shangshu, Zuo pushe, and others were granted different titles. Later, he appointed Murong Zhong as the herdsman of Qingzhou, Duan Hong as the governor of Xu Chu, and Gongsun 5th floor as the general of Wuwei, who also served as the captain of tunqi school, and participated in politics. Feng Fu said to Murong Chao: "I heard that the prince, mother and brother, Prince guichong, Gongsun and Zhengqing should not guard the border areas. The five kinds of low ranking people, who are of low birth, small age, distant relationship, shallow seniority and low status, should not serve in the imperial court. Murong Zhong is the Prime Minister of the country and the backer of the country; Duan Hong is a relative with a good reputation, and people who are close to him look up to him. These two people should participate in and assist in the handling of state affairs. It is not suitable for them to go far away to manage remote areas. Now when Murong Zhong and others go out to remote places, Gongsun's fifth floor is assisting the government in the imperial court, and his subordinates feel uneasy in private. " When Murong Chaogang ascended the throne, he was afraid that Murong Zhong's power would be threatened, so he asked Gongsun Wulou about it. Gongsun Wulou wanted to rule the court, and didn't want Murong Zhong and others to say estrangement many times in the court. Feng Fu didn't take his advice. Murong Zhong and Duan Hong, with a look of injustice, talked to each other and said, "I'm afraid the yellow dog skin will eventually mend the fox fur." Gongsun fifth floor heard this sentence, and their hatred gradually came into being.

Break the chaos and lose the government

At the beginning, Murong Chao arrived at Liang Fu from Chang'an. Murong FA was a herdsman in Yanzhou at that time. Shi yueshou, the mayor of Southern Town, came back from Liang Fu and said to Murong FA, "I saw the son of the king of Beihai a few days ago. He has elegant talent and extraordinary looks. Only then did I know that there are many strange people in the royal family, and all the forests in the fairyland are precious caves." Murong FA said: "in those days, Cheng Fang pretended to be prince Wei. No one can tell the truth from the false. Is this still a royal family?" Murong Chao heard this and resented Murong FA very much. His face showed up. Murong FA was also very angry and put Murong Chao in the guest house, so they got angry. When Murong de died, Murong FA did not rush to mourn. Murong Chao sent someone to denounce Murong FA. Murong FA was often afraid of disaster, so he rebelled against Murong Zhong and Duan Hong. Murong Chao called them up when he knew about it. Murong Zhong said he was ill, so Murong Chao arrested and killed Murong Tong, the right guard Murong gen, and Duan Feng, the regular official of Sanqi. Outside the east gate, the car broke and the servant Feng song was killed. Xizhonglang sent Fengrong to the Northern Wei Dynasty.

Murong Chao soon sent Murong Zhen and others to attack Qingzhou, Murong Yu and others to attack Xuzhou, and Murong Ning and Han fan to attack Liang Fu. Murong Yu and others attacked Ju City, and then Duan Hong, the governor of Xuzhou, went to the Northern Wei Dynasty. Fengrong also recruited thieves to attack Shisai city and killed Yuyu, the great general in the west of the town. People in Qingzhou were afraid and had other ideas in their hearts. Murongning plans to kill Han Fan and prepare to attack Guanggu. Han fan knows, attacks Murong Ning, and Murong Ning escapes to Liang Fu. Han Fan annexed Murong Ning's army, attacked and captured Liang Fu, Murong Ning defected to Yao Xing, and Murong FA fled to the Northern Wei Dynasty. Murong town conquers Qingzhou. Murong Zhong kills his wife and children, digs out of Qingzhou and rides to Yao Xing alone.

At that time, Murong Chao didn't care about political affairs and liked to go hunting, which hurt the people deeply. His servant shot Han? Out of the blue, but Murong Chao didn't take it. Murong Chao intended to restore the corporal punishment and the ninth grade official system, so he issued an imperial edict in the territory, saying: "misfortune has been entangled many times, and Yongkang is full of disasters. Since the fall of Beidu, the rules and regulations have been reduced, and the laws and regulations have not survived. It is fundamental to govern the world. Since people can not be induced by virtue of morality, they must be rectified by means of punishment. Besides, great sages like Yushun also ordered him to be an official, so the punishment should not be abandoned! With the revival of the late emperors, the great cause was created, and there were still many wars, there was no time to amend the code. I was ashamed of my lack of virtue. I inherited the throne and lacked good measures to pacify and control. As a result, my brothers fought and killed each other. Finally, the war came into being in the countryside and the rules and rituals were abandoned. Now there are no worries on the four sides of the border. The code should be amended. The minister may call together the ministers to make an agreement. As for the unfaithful and unfilial person like Feng Song, beheading is not enough to express his hatred. The criminal law of cooking and cracking should be used for him. It can also be attached to the provisions of the law and included in the death penalty. Corporal punishment is a common code of ancient sages, which can't be changed. After Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty changed it, the weight of it was not enough. Nowadays, more and more people commit crimes and more and more people die. Corporal punishment is widely used in education, relief and upbringing, and especially severe. In Guangshou, Jianxing, liezu and Shizu had considered to recover, and died before they could implement it. People above the doctor's degree were ordered to refer to the past events, increase or decrease in accordance with the law of Lu Xing and the laws of Han, Wei and Jin Dynasties, and to negotiate the law of Yan. There are three thousand kinds of five punishments, and no crime is bigger than unfilial. Confucius said: "people who are not saints have no laws, and people who are not filial have no relatives. This is a chaotic practice." Although the two punishments of cracking and cooking are not included in the regulations of Wupin, they have been implemented since ancient times. It's written in the spring and Autumn period of the Ming Dynasty. Emperor Shizong built his capital in Qi, but he also lamented the loss of punishment. He sighed when he slept and ate. When emperors have criminal law, it's like people have left and right hands. So Confucius said, "if the punishment is not appropriate, the common people don't even know what to do." So Xiao He was rewarded for making laws, and Shu Suntong was honored for making etiquette. Build up a meritorious career