Zhong Xing

Zhong Xing

Zhong Xing (1574-1624) was a writer of Ming Dynasty. Word Bojing, number tuigu, Huguang jingling (now Hubei Tianmen City) people. Wanli 38 years (1610) Jinshi. He once served as the head of the Ministry of industry. In 1616, he climbed Mount Tai with Lin gudu. Later, he went to Fujian to study. Soon after, he resigned and returned to his hometown. He studied in a closed family and entered a temple in his later years. He was very cold and didn't like to meet the common people, so he had to thank people and study history books. Together with Tan Yuanchun of Tongli, he selected Tang Shi GUI and Gu Shi GUI (see Shi GUI), which became famous for a time, forming the "Jingling School" and known as "Zhongtan" in the world.

Life of the characters

Zhong Xing was born in a scholarly family. His father Zhong has always been a student of Wujin (now in Jiangsu). In the 38th year of Wanli (1610), he was a Jinshi, a teacher, in charge of poetry attainments and canonization. In the following year, he sent Fengjie envoys to Chengdu, and later to Shandong. Wanli 43 years (1615), and then went to Guizhou, presided over the examination. Later, he moved to work department, then transferred from Beijing to Jiangnan, served as the head of sacrificial Temple Department of Nanjing Ministry of rites, and moved to the doctor of ritual system Department of Nanjing Ministry of rites. When he was in Nanjing, Zhong Xing was self reliant. He rented a house on the Bank of the Qinhuai River and read history at his desk until late at night. When he got anything, he wrote a book called Shi Huai, which commented on ancient history. "There are many inventions, some of which ancient sages can't catch.". He was very cold and didn't like to meet the common people, so he had to thank people and study history books. He likes to visit famous mountains and rivers and once climbed Mount Tai with Lin gudu. In the early days of Tianqi, Zhong Xing was promoted to be a scholar in Fujian Province. He still advocated the quiet and steep style of poetry in central Fujian, and participated in Zen, which is unpredictable and has the name of "poetry demon". Zhang Ze and Hua Shu in Jiangnan and Cai Fuyi in Fujian agreed with each other and regarded Zhong Xing as "the master of deep and lonely". Soon after, Zhong Xing died at home in 1625 at the age of 52. He died and was buried in lujiafan (today's Lichang commune) in the south of Tianmen county. The tombstone still exists today. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there was a "Zhong Tan he temple" in the county, with the title of "articles of the world". The site is to the east of the present-day people's government. Later generations compiled his poems as the collection of yinxiuxuan.

Together with Tan Yuanchun of Tongli, he selected poems of the Tang Dynasty and wrote "the return of Tang poetry"; he also selected poems before Sui Dynasty and wrote "the return of ancient poetry", which was famous for a time, forming "Jingling School" and "Zhongtan" in the world.

Literary ideas

One is against the style of imitating ancient literature. He criticized the idea of imitating the ancients which prevailed in the literary world after the middle of Ming Dynasty, and pointed out that "the poet's interest is always high. The higher one, the different one. The way of husband is the same "(Zhong Xing's preface to poetry). He thinks that "Qizi" imitates the words and sentences of the ancients, but "those who take the ancient people's extreme skin, narrow, familiar and easy to speak, think that the ancients are" (same above). Therefore, it tries to change this style of writing, and puts forward the idea of "when potential is poor, it will change".

Second, it advocates that poets should express "spirit" (or "spirit"). It is the spirit of the ancients to lead the spirit of the ancients. The true poet is what the spirit does "(preface to poetry). That is to seek the spirit in the spirit of ancient poetry. However, he believed that the spirit of the ancients' true poetry was "to observe their feelings, to travel alone, and to send them in the noise". Therefore, his own works vigorously pursued the lonely feelings of "don't be funny and strange", that is, the so-called lonely feelings and lonely attainments, and boasted that "our generation's writing has no fireworks." (reply to Yin kongzhaoshu of the same year)

Third, advocate the style of deep and lonely. According to the biography of Wenyuan in the history of the Ming Dynasty, "since Hongdao corrected the shortcomings of Wang and Li's poems, he advocated the use of halal, and tried to correct them again and again, which turned into profound and lonely." Zhong Xing thought that the style of Gong'an School was vulgar and superficial, and tried to save it with a deep and lonely style. However, he went to another extreme of formalism. He only paid attention to words and sentences, forgot chapters, and pursued strange words and dangerous rhymes, resulting in a difficult and obscure style. As a result, the meaning of some poems was not smooth and incomprehensible, such as "there is no yellow leaf in the tree, there is a white village in the cloud" (daytime Park). Zhong and Tan selected Shigui according to this opinion. The Tang poems they chose were thin and distant, and the famous poems such as Li Bai's ancient style and Du Fu's Qiuxing were not included. They tried to wash the splendor of the "seven sons" with secluded coldness, which shows the advantages and disadvantages of their ideas. Zhong Xing's poems, due to the pursuit of love and solitude, are full of emotion, narrow in subject matter and lack of profound and broad social content. However, he painstakingly chanted things, carved words and sentences, spared no effort, and some of the five ancient travel poems were well written. For example, the classic of Guanyinyan and zhouwan are well-known at that time, although they are suspected of being carved, but they are interested in painting scenery. His works "climbing Yuhuatai in the rain" and "Shidi Shuan in Badong road" show clear thinking. In addition, some poems also reflect the social reality, such as "Jiang xinghaiti" 12, which describes the serious tax situation that "the official money has not leaked the fishermen".

There are also some novel and meaningful works in Zhong Xing's narration, discussion and prose. The short story of Huanhua River describes the winding and quiet scenery of Huanhua River, where Du Fu, a great poet of the Tang Dynasty, lived in Chengdu. It expresses his admiration for Du Fu and expresses his feelings. Qingxi Bitan, changing scenery, reflects the feelings and personality of Jingling School, as well as the deep and lonely style of seeking novelty and novelty. In addition, a visit to Wuyi Mountain is also a work of this kind. His essay "Xia Mei Shuo" skillfully introduces the hot and cold of the people who appreciate and chant the plum from the change of seasons, and then reveals the cold and warm of the human state; it also ridicules and criticizes the trend of "those who tend to the plum in winter and spring". The literary and artistic essay "after the selected poems of Lu Wenke" (Part 2) advocates that the creation of poems and essays should be less and more refined. It puts forward that "if we can't be perfect, we should not only keep the length of a few articles or a few sentences, but also not do anything else." it opposes the "more is better" rough production. And the article is divided into three classes: "choose and the author, also on; for self selection, also second; for candidates, also again."

In a word, Zhong Xing's poems and essays are anti archaic, spiritual and positive. His style of seeking novelty and novelty has made a breakthrough in traditional prose. Like Gong'an School, Zhong Xing's poems and essays have promoted the emergence of a large number of essays in the late Ming Dynasty. However, his narrow subject matter and feelings, difficult and quiet language and style of writing undoubtedly constrained him to make greater achievements in his creation. In Qing Dynasty, "gong'an" and "jingling" works were listed as forbidden books, which were slandered and combated severely.

Literary achievements

Zhong Xing's works include yinxiuxuan collection, including 10 poems, 16 volumes and 23 essays, 35 volumes. The poems are arranged according to four to seven words and ancient and modern styles, and the articles are arranged according to Fu, preface, Ji, Zhuan, Lun, Shu, postscript, and Zan. Other works include 18 volumes of rumiantan, 20 volumes of the book of songs, the picture of history, the interpretation of Mao's Poems (no number of volumes), 30 volumes of Zhongping Zuozhuan, 5 volumes of Wujing zuozhu and 17 volumes of Shihuai. Zhong Xing and Tan Yuanchun compiled 51 volumes of Shi GUI, including 15 volumes of ancient poems and 36 volumes of Tang poems. There are also "He Ke Wu Jia Yan" (no number of volumes), "Ming Yuan Shi GUI" (36 volumes), "Zhou Wen GUI" (20 volumes), "Song Wen GUI" (20 volumes), etc. Together with Tan Yuanchun, he edited 10 volumes of Ming Shi GUI and left one volume as well as 10 volumes of Shi Xie. In addition, Zhong Xing, who signed his name, commented on and annotated the romance novels, which are generally believed to be spurned by others. Wu Jingxu said in volume 79 of the book of songs of all dynasties: "Bo Jing's poems are quite different from each other. He uses ou Jiufei to build a bridge and play with the moon, which is just like Tan Youxia's selection of ancient Tang poetry."

Selected Poems

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Ye Zhongge

】

Ye is Ye City water, Zhang water, there must be strange people from then on.

Xiongmou romance and Wenxin, monarch and Minister brothers and father and son.

Heroes are not popular in the mind, but they are not popular in the eyes?

The chief culprits are not two, but one.

The article is full of spirit and power. How can it be turned into dust?

Hengliu building platform refused Taihang, Qi and Li Shi were low.

Why don't you be a rebel, a bully and a king?

When the overlord comes down to his sons and daughters, there is no alternative but to fight against injustice.

Xiang Zhang knows that it is not beneficial, but Fen Xiang is merciless.

Whoo! The ancients did everything in detail, lonely and luxurious.

The scholar talks lightly about the people in the grave, and laughs at the bookish spirit in the grave!

(3 first choice 1)

I know your heart when I am afraid of you.

Two lovers have nothing to do with each other.

【

Wordless stele

】

How to change the world?

The people can't know, they want to be stupid.

This means burning books.

[home at night]

When the sun goes down the mountain path, the people in the thatched cottage do not return.

Build insects to cry cold dew, fence dog barking afterglow.

The frost is still, the moon is bright, and the smoke is growing in the ruins.

In autumn, I know a few days, and the sound of pestle is rare.

[reply to Yan Xian's visit to Cambodia on a rainy night (2 first choice 1)]

Xiao Ran's shadow is a pair of his own. When he travels in his hometown, he feels like a long-time guest.

Through the frost like leaves, listen to the cold rain, only sparse window.

[supukou zhoumaocai pool Museum]

By the river, everything is a mountain home, and there are mountains and waters.

A valley of sunny grass, six in the quiet noise in Yinghua.

The tide, the sand, the smoke and the new ridge.

Xinsu also knows how to reward you. I will send my heart to you for a while.

[Qiu Changru will go to Liaoyang to leave poems for his friends. He is not willing to be strong, but he is sorry to send them to Liaoyang]

What is the intention of the junta to prepare for war and keep peace?

He should not be a bystander, but prepare Nao song and elegy.