Qin Wengong

Qin Wengong

Qin Wengong? Zhao family, surnamed Ying, was the son of Duke Xiang of Qin. He was the king of Qin State in the spring and Autumn period. He was in power from 765 BC to 716 BC.

During the reign of Qin Wengong, he set up historiographers to record events, defeated Xirong, recruited the adherents of Zhou Dynasty, expanded the territory to the west of Qi, and formulated the criminal law of punishing the three nationalities. At that time, Qin people had settled down and engaged in agriculture.

In 716 BC, Qin Wengong died and was buried in Xishan. After Qin Wengong died, his grandson Qin Ninggong (Qin Xiangong) succeeded to the throne.

Life of the characters

Father died to succeed the throne

Duke Wen of Qin, surnamed Ying and surnamed Zhao, is the son of Duke Xiang of Qin. In 766 BC, Duke Xianggong of Qin died on the way to attack Xirong, so Duke Wengong of Qin succeeded to the throne of Qin.

Building cities

In 765 BC, Qin Wengong lived in Xiti palace.

In the third year of Qin Wengong (763 BC), Qin Wengong led 700 soldiers to hunt in the East.

In 762 BC, Qin Wengong arrived at the meeting place of Weishui River and Weishui river. Qin Wengong said, "in the past, the Zhou royal family gave the land here to my ancestor Qin Ying (i.e. Qin Feizi) as a fief. Later, we eventually became princes." Duke Wen of Qin ordered people to divine whether it was suitable to live here. The result of divination was auspicious, so Duke Wen of Qin ordered to build a city here.

Gather people and expand land

In the 10th year of emperor Wengong of Qin Dynasty (756 BC), Emperor Wengong of Qin dreamed that there was a yellow snake with its body hanging down from the sky to the ground and its mouth stretching all the way to the fields in the area of mincheng (now Southeast of Luochuan County, Shaanxi Province). When Qin Wengong woke up from his dream, he asked Shi Dun what happened in his dream. Shi Dun replied, "this is the symbol of the emperor of heaven. Please sacrifice it." Qin Wengong then ordered the establishment of binghe (which was a fixed place for worshiping the five emperors of heaven and earth in ancient times. Because it was built in Bingcheng, it was called binghe), and three sacrificial animals of cattle, horses and sheep were used to worship the White Emperor.

In the 13th year of emperor Wengong of Qin Dynasty (753 BC), Emperor Wengong of Qin Dynasty set up historians to record major events, and most of the people were educated.

In the 16th year of Qin Wengong (750 BC), Qin Wengong sent troops to attack Xirong, who was defeated and fled. Therefore, Qin Wengong collected the adherents of the Zhou Dynasty and owned them. His territory extended to Qishan (now the east of Baoji City, Shaanxi Province), and dedicated the land east of Qishan to the emperor of Zhou.

In the 19th year of Qin Wengong (747 BC), Qin Wengong was hunting in Chencang. When he passed by the city of Osaka, he got a stone named "Chenbao", which was the same color as the liver. Qin Wengong ordered people to build Chen Bao temple in the city of Osaka and sacrifice it with an animal. In the southeast of Chen Bao temple, there was a thunderous sound on a sunny day, and the pheasants followed, so it was called "the God of chicken crowing".

In the 20th year of Qin Wengong (746 BC), Qin Wengong set up a criminal law to kill the three ethnic groups.

In the state of Qin, there was a nute temple in Nanshan (now chencangshan, Shaanxi Province) of Wudu County. There was a catalpa tree beside the temple. In the 27th year of Qin Wengong (739 BC), Qin Wengong sent people to cut down this catalpa tree, and suddenly there was a storm. The wound on the tree closed immediately, and it was cut down for a whole day without cutting it off. Qin Wengong sent more soldiers. There were as many as 40 people with axes, but they kept chopping. When the soldiers were tired, they went back to rest. One of them hurt his foot and couldn't walk, so he had to lie under the tree. He heard the ghost say to the tree god, "is it hard to fight?" One of the tree gods said, "where is toil?" Ghost said: "Qin Wengong will not give up, how to do?" The tree God replied, "what can Qin Wengong do to me?" The ghost said, "if Qin Wengong sends 300 people to chop you with their hair covered, big red silk thread around the tree trunk, red brown clothes and ashes, will you not be embarrassed?" The tree god was speechless. The next day, the man who hurt his foot told Qin Wengong what he had heard. Qin Wengong then sent his soldiers to put on reddish brown clothes, cut them out immediately after the wounds, and sprinkled them with ashes. As a result, the tree was cut off, and a green ox ran out of the tree and ran into the abundant water. Later, qingniu ran out of Fengshui. Qin Wengong sent cavalry to kill him, but he didn't win at first. A cavalry man fell to the ground and climbed on his horse again. His hair spread out, so he went after him with his hair on. Qingniu was afraid of him, so he escaped into Fengshui and did not dare to come out again. Therefore, the state of Qin has set up the Zhuotou riding since then.

Funeral after death

In the 48th year of Qin Wengong (718 BC), the crown prince of Qin Wengong died and was given the posthumous title of "Duke of Qin" or "Duke of Qin Jing". So Duke Wen of Qin changed his grandson (the son of Duke Jing of Qin) into his successor.

In the 50th year of Qin Wengong (716 BC), Qin Wengong died and was buried in Xishan (now Baoji City, Shaanxi Province). After Qin Wengong died, his grandson succeeded to the throne as Qin Xiangong.

Political initiatives

During the reign of Duke Wen of Qin, he ordered the construction of cities, set up chroniclers to civilize the common people, defeated Xirong, incorporated the adherents of Zhou Dynasty, and extended the territory of Qin to the west of Qishan (today's east of Baoji City, Shaanxi Province), and set up a criminal law to kill the three ethnic groups.

Historical evaluation

Duke Wu of Qin said: "Duke Wen, Duke Jing and Duke Xian do not fall on the top. They unite with the emperor, and they do things in a simple way."

Sima Qian's historical records: 1) Qin Dynasty started Xianggong, Zhang Yuwen, Miao, Xian, Xiao, and then slightly nibbled at the six countries. For more than a hundred years, the first emperor was able to combine the crown and belt (2) among Wen Gong, Yu Long, Fan Yi Di, Zun Chen Bao, Ying Qi Yong

Historical records

The fifth volume of historical records

Family members

Grandfather: Mr. Qin Zhuang

Father: Qin Xianggong

Son: Duke Qin (Duke Qin Jing)

Grandson: Qin Ninggong (Qin Xiangong)

Literary image

novel

In the long historical novel The Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Qin Wengong appeared in the fourth chapter of Qin Wengong's suburban Tianying dream. Zheng zhuanggong dug the ground to see his mother. He mostly described the miraculous events of Qin Wengong recorded in Shiji · qinbenji, which is basically consistent with the records in Shiji Suoyin and Shiji Zhengyi.

traditional opera

Qin opera Da Qin Wen Gong