Xiao Jinguang
Xiao Jinguang (January 4, 1903 - March 29, 1989) was a proletarian revolutionist and militarist. He is from Changsha, Hunan Province. In 1922, he joined the Communist Party of China. During his revolutionary career, he successively held the posts of party representative of the division, chief of staff of the Military Commission of the Special Administrative Region, chief of staff of the military region, chief of staff of the military region, President of the central military political school, commissar of the Corps, commissar of the military region, commander of the Corps, commissar of the Corps, chief of staff of the Corps, Minister of the military department, chief of staff of the command, commander of the Corps, deputy commander in chief and chief of staff of the military region, etc. He led the troops to take part in the campaigns of Nanchang, Nanjing and Western Hubei, Ganzhou, Zhangzhou, Shuikou, Le'an, Yihuang and jianlitai, the fourth and fifth anti "encirclement and suppression" operations in the Central Soviet Area, the Long March, commanding the four guarantees and riverside operations of the southern Manchurian troops, leading the troops to fight Shenyang, encircle Beiping, cross North China, cross the Yangtze River, occupy Wuhan and enter Changsha, and commanding the Hengbao campaign battle.
Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, he has successively served as commander of the navy of the people's Liberation Army, Vice Minister of the Ministry of national defense, vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the Fifth National People's Congress, etc., making outstanding contributions to the construction and development of the people's Navy. He was awarded the rank of general in 1955. He died in Beijing on March 29, 1989 at the age of 86. (Note: "Xiao" is a popular word for "Xiao")
Life of the characters
Early experience
On January 4, 1903, Xiao Jingguang was born in a poor family of small handicraftsmen in zhaozhougang, Changsha, Hunan Province. I studied private schools and new schools when I was young. In 1917, Xiao Jingguang was admitted to Changsha Changjun Middle School and made friends with his classmate Ren Bishi. In 1919, Xiao Jingguang took an active part in the May 4th anti imperialist patriotic movement. In the summer of 1920, Xiao Jingguang joined the "Russian Research Association" and went to Shanghai to study Russian and receive revolutionary education. In the winter of the same year, Xiao Jingguang joined the Chinese Socialist Youth League. In the spring of 1921, Xiao Jingguang, Liu Shaoqi, Ren Bishi and others went to the Soviet Union to join the Communist University of Oriental laborers in Moscow. In 1922, Xiao Jingguang transferred to the Communist Party of China and once studied military in the Soviet Red Army school.
During the Great Revolution
At the beginning of 1924, when Lenin passed away, Xiao Jingguang once served as the representative of the oriental nation. In the autumn of the same year, Xiao Jingguang returned to work as a trade union in Anyuan road and mine, Hunan Province. In 1925, Xiao Jingguang was sent to Guangdong as the party representative of the 6th Division of the 2nd army of the national revolutionary army. During the northern expedition, he led his troops to take part in the battles of Nanchang, Nanjing and Western Hubei. In 1927, after the failure of the great revolution, Xiao Jingguang was once again sent to the Soviet Union and enrolled in Leningrad Military and Political College to systematically study military theory and political theory.
Period of Agrarian Revolution
In 1930, Xiao Jingguang returned home after graduation and was sent to the Western Fujian Soviet area. He successively served as chief of staff of the Military Commission of the Fujian Guangdong Jiangxi special zone, chief of staff of the Fujian Guangdong Jiangxi military region and principal of the third branch of Peng (PAI) Yang (Yin) military and political school, chief of staff of the 12th army of the Chinese workers' and peasants' Red Army, and principal of the central military and political school. In December 1931, Xiao Jingguang, a political commissar of the 5th Red Army regiment reorganized from the Ningdu uprising army, patiently and meticulously carried out ideological education for the officers and soldiers of the regiment in view of their confusion in thinking, listening to rumors, and full of doubts. He successfully completed the transformation of the old army and made it a revolutionary force after the trials of Ganzhou, Zhangzhou, Shuikou, Le'an, Yihuang, jianlitai and other battles A strong red army with strict discipline and bravery. In 1931, Xiao Jingguang served as political commissar of the 11th Red Army, commander of the Fujian Jiangxi military region, and political commissar of the 7th Red Army, and participated in the fourth and fifth anti "encirclement and suppression" operations in the Central Soviet area. In September, Xiao Jingguang led a training team of only 70 people and some local armed forces to resist the attack of the three divisions of the Kuomintang army on Lichuan, and was finally forced to retreat because he was outnumbered. In November, he was removed from office for his dissenting opinions on "left" adventurism. In January 1934, Xiao Jingguang was expelled from the party and military in the name of being responsible for the failure of Lichuan, and was sentenced to five years' imprisonment. Later, under the protection of Mao Zedong, Wang Jiaxiang and others, he was released and served as a teacher and chief of Political Science in Red Army University. In October, Xiao Jinguang took part in the long march and served as the leader of the superior cadre team of the Central Military Commission cadre regiment. In January 1935, after the Zunyi Meeting, Xiao Jingguang was rehabilitated, restored his party and military status, and was transferred to the chief of staff of the 3rd Red Army Corps. After arriving in Northern Shaanxi, he served as Minister of the military department of the CPC Shaanxi Gansu Provincial Committee and commander of the red 29 army. In March 1937, he served as chief of staff of the rear headquarters of the Red Army.
the period of Counter-Japanese War
After the outbreak of the Anti Japanese War, Xiao Jingguang was appointed director of the rear left behind section of the Eighth Route Army and commander of the left behind regiment of the Eighth Route Army, carrying out the tasks of defense in the Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia border region, eliminating bandits and stabilizing social order. In 1938, Xiao Jingguang, with the strategy and tactics of active defense, directed the left behind corps to rely on the natural danger and field fortifications of the Yellow River. At the same time, he boldly adopted circuitous tactics and, with the close cooperation of friendly and neighboring forces, defeated the Japanese army's repeated attacks on the Yellow River defense line, ensuring the security of the border region and the CPC Central Committee. In December 1939, in the first anti Communist climax launched by the Kuomintang, Xiao Jingguang called Chiang Kai Shek in the name of the commander of the left behind regiment of the Eighth Route Army to expose the crimes of the diehards in sabotaging the unity and anti Japanese War, and called for stopping attacking the border areas to prevent the situation from expanding; at the same time, he commanded the troops to carry out self-defense and counterattack to beat back the attacks of the diehards of the Kuomintang. In February 1940, Xiao Jingguang and Wang Ruofei went to Qiulin, Shanxi Province to negotiate with Yan Xishan and reach a settlement agreement. In order to break the economic blockade imposed by the Kuomintang on the border region, the Kuomintang organized troops to carry out mass production movement, and model units such as 359 brigades emerged. In June 1942, Xiao Jingguang's headquarters and the 120th division of the Eighth Route Army were combined into the Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia Shanxi Suiyuan united defense army. In September, Xiao Jingguang was appointed deputy commander of the united defense forces.
During the war of Liberation
After the surrender of Japan, Xiao Jingguang was appointed deputy commander and chief of staff of Shandong military region. On the way to his post, he was ordered to transfer to the Northeast in Puyang, Henan Province. In October, after arriving in Shenyang, Xiao Jinguang served as deputy commander in chief and chief of staff of the Northeast People's autonomous Army (renamed the Northeast Democratic United Army in January 1946). In October 1946, at a critical moment when the Northeast Kuomintang troops were attacking and the situation in the South Manchuria base was serious, Xiao Jinguang was ordered to go to the South Manchuria with Chen Yun and concurrently served as the commander of Liaodong military region. From December of the same year to march of the next year, Xiao Jingguang commanded the southern Manchurian troops to carry out the four guarantees and fight along the Yangtze River. With the cooperation of the northern Manchurian troops, he smashed the four large-scale attacks of the Kuomintang army in three and a half months, defeated his strategic attempt of "attacking the South and defending the north, first attacking the South and then defending the north", completely reversed the situation in southern Manchuria, and created conditions for the Northeast People's Liberation Army to turn to offensive operations. In October 1948, Xiao Jincheng, commander of the people's Liberation Army, was forced to take the lead in the siege of Changchun City. Then he led the 1st Regiment (renamed 12th regiment in December) to go south, day and night, all the way to Shenyang, Peiping, North China, the Yangtze River, Wuhan and Changsha. In August 1949, Xiao Jingguang was concurrently commander of Hunan Military Region and acting director of Hunan military and political Commission. In October, in the battle of Hengbao, Xiao Jingguang commanded the central army to encircle and annihilate four elite divisions of the Kuomintang army and liberate most of Hunan.
After the founding of the people's Republic of China
In December 1949, Xiao Jingguang was ordered to form the navy of the Chinese people's Liberation Army and served as commander of the Navy and principal of the first naval school. In August 1950, at the naval building conference, Xiao Jingguang proposed that the Navy should "focus on long-term construction and proceed from the current situation to build a modern, offensive and defensive, light maritime combat force". Later, he put forward that the construction of the Navy should be well organized, ideologically and technologically. Under his leadership, by the end of 1950, the Qingdao base of the Navy and the navy of the Central South military region were established one after another. In addition, the navy of the East China military region was established in April 1949, which basically established the strategic pattern of the three major sea areas: the north, the East and the south. At the same time, we attached great importance to the cultivation of naval technical force and emphasized that the army should be built first. In just a few years, we established 10 regular Naval Academies and 6 reserve military academies. We paid attention to the construction of naval equipment and arms, introduced advanced technology and equipment, and successively established the first speedboat unit, the first aviation division, the first submarine detachment, the first destroyer group, and the first submarine driving group. In 1954, Xiao Jingguang was appointed Vice Minister of national defense. In 1956 and 1957, according to the general strategic policy of active defense, Xiao Jingguang put forward the military building policy of "the Navy should focus on developing air, submarine and fast", the operational theory of "launching guerrilla warfare at sea", and the training thought of taking the sea as home. In 1960, under the circumstances of the Soviet government tearing up the contract, withdrawing experts and facing serious difficulties in the construction of the Navy, Xiao Jingguang resolutely implemented the policy of independence and self-reliance set by the CPC Central Committee, organized and led scientific and technological personnel to carry out scientific research and solve the problem of weapons and equipment on his own. In 1965, at the risk of being accused of carrying out the "bourgeois military line with a purely military point of view", Xiao Jinguang led the formulation of the third five-year plan for naval equipment research and vigorously promoted the development and production of new ships. After the beginning of the "Cultural Revolution", it was wrongly criticized and in fact deprived of the leadership of the Navy. In 1971, Xiao Jingguang took charge of the Navy again. In 1973, Xiao Jinguang, under the charge of "getting on a stolen ship", proposed to the CPC Central Committee and the CMC that the Navy construction should be strengthened in the near future
Chinese PinYin : Xiao Jin Guang
Xiao Jinguang