Chen Fuchen

Chen Fuchen

Chen Fuchen (1859-1917) was named Zhisheng when he was young, Chongli when he was young, and then Fuchen when he was later. His name was Jieshi. In his later years, he changed his name to Fu, and his room number was drinking water Zhai and zhujianzhizhai. He is from Ruian, Zhejiang Province. The famous educationist, statesman, philosopher and historian in modern China are known as "great Confucianists in Zhejiang Province" and "great masters of history". Together with Chen Qiu and Song Shu, they are "three masters of Dongou" in the academic circles in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. At the age of 45, he won the entrance examination and served as speaker of Zhejiang Provincial Consultative Bureau, Minister of civil affairs of Zhejiang Province, member of the first National Congress of the Republic of China and member of the house of Representatives.

Life

early years

Sun Qiang Ming, a 20-year-old student, praised his work as a "flying General of Longmen". At the age of 22, Qiuzhi society, known as the Buyi party, changed its membership one after another, and Fu Chen never changed his Buyi. Chen Qiu founded Liji hospital and attached Liji medical school. He once "asked for financial support from the villagers, but did not answer.". Fu Chen alone "raised his income from the cultivation of preserved bones and paid Chen Jun for the construction of the school." Yingchuan family school was founded in 1879, and Zhao tingkui's in Tongxian county the next year. He has taught in Yongjia Luoshan academy, Qingshan academy, Sanxi academy, Lequn academy, Pingyang Longhu academy, Yueqing Meixi academy and Lecheng Shushu school, and cultivated his hometown children for 20 years.

In August 1898, ye Han set up an accelerated learning school in Shanghai. With the recommendation of Song Shu, Fu Chen left his hometown for the first time to teach abroad. In 1900, he was employed by Yang Wenying as a teacher of YangZheng school in Hangzhou. Students Tang Erhe, Ma Xulun, Du Shizhen and other 89 people "draped into the room and sat down, asked what they doubted in their chest, but still couldn't leave.". After YangZheng school, it was changed into Hangzhou Fu Zhong school. In May 1902, there was a school tide, leading students Ma Xulun and others to leave school. He was employed by Zhao Zude in Shanghai to edit the Journal of the new world. From September 2 to March 13, 1903, a total of 12 issues were published, which successively published such important papers as sequence, theory of great harmony in classics, Dushi, Lunshi, principles of geological history, moral education, and breaking the sky.

Liang Qichao, in the name of "member of Xinmin series", thinks that "the new journal of the new world has great boldness" and "the sharp progress of the article and the rotten spots of the ideal are deeply admired by our reporters". Zhang Baixi, the Minister of the Ministry of official affairs, told sun Jianai: "Yu Guanqi's many works, such as the theory of great harmony in classics, the independent history, the moral education and the principles of geological history, are always touching and sighing as the masterpiece of a generation."!

Glorious period

In the middle of July 1903, he entered the country and was granted the head of Guizhou department. In the winter of that year, sun Jianai, the former university examiner, was appointed as the Prime Minister of academic affairs, and he was appointed as the normal science and education teacher of Beijing University. In December 1904, Zhang Baixi, the Minister of academic affairs of the premier, sent him to serve as the editor in chief of the capital translation bureau of the Ministry of education. In July 1905, the Ministry of the people's Republic of China sent the Chunji school (Beijing translation school) to teach, still holding the above two posts. In June 1906, he was also the Prime Minister of Beijing Jianxue school. In recent years, he wrote many times in Beijing to discuss academic affairs. On October 17, 1905, in the third book of Rongqing, the shangxue department, he put forward 12 articles in the measures for primary normal schools and 13 articles in the measures for Mongolian primary schools. The extant lecture notes on Chinese history of Beijing University is just the lecture notes of this period. There are only eight items, such as general introduction to history reading, principles of politics, principles of society, Confucius' spring and Autumn Annals, gate of Confucius, anecdotes of Confucius' disciples, schools of Confucius' disciples, and Lao Mo's studies. The following parts are burned up because "Qing officials impeached him for advocating civil rights."

On October 3, 1906, due to the tune played by Cen Chunxuan, governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, he left Beijing and went to Guangzhou to be the supervisor of Guangdong and Guangxi dialect school and the dean of superior normal school. The purpose of running the school is stated. By mastering dialects, students can understand the situation of foreign countries and warn that "learning is not Chinese and western, but useful". In the five speeches of Nanwu public school, he opposed the empty and useless Neo Confucianism of Cheng and Zhu, and declared the learning of Gu Yanwu, Wang Fuzhi, Huang Zongxi and Li * in the early Qing Dynasty with "academic measures in the world", and regarded Yan Yuan as "the leader of northern scholars". It is the Yongjia theory of meritorious service that emphasizes meritorious service for the world rather than for oneself. It has a far-reaching influence in Guangdong academic circles.

On October 14, 1909, he was elected president of the Advisory Bureau of Zhejiang Province. In order to protest against the Qing government's nationalization of the commercial railway in Zhejiang Province, on September 2, 1910, in the name of the speaker, he, together with 51 vice speaker Chen Shixia, Chen Shutong, Shen Junru, and the councilor ye gaoshu, petitioned the Fuyuan to hold an interim meeting. The Fuyuan was not allowed to do so. On September 16 and 21, he renewed the petition, but was not allowed to do so.

When the Wuchang Uprising broke out, he thought that "the destiny of the Qing Dynasty is over, and the revolutionary army will succeed!" Zeng and Tang Shouqian organized the militia to respond. After the restoration of Hangzhou, he was promoted as the Minister of civil affairs, and soon resigned and returned to Wenzhou. At the beginning of 1912, the Republic of China New Deal society was organized in Wenzhou and Dongou daily was published. In March, Zhang Binglin was elected president and vice president. The next spring, he was elected to the house of Representatives. He was also employed as professor of liberal arts history and philosophy at Peking University. In October, members of the five political groups of the United Nations, including the internal affairs and ethics Association, the Jiyi Association, the Xiangyou Association, the Constitutional Government Association, and the transcendent members' Association, organized the Dazhong party. He advocated "adopting nationalism and putting politics on the constitutional track in order to consolidate the Republic and maintain unity." With Yuan Shikai's illegal dissolution of Parliament, the big and medium-sized party disintegrated.

In August 1915, Yuan Shikai planned for restoration, and the preparatory Security Association sent people to Peking University to urge teachers and students to write letters to persuade them to enter. Chen Fuchen firmly opposed. At the beginning of May 1917, the government and the opposition strongly opposed the declaration of war on Germany. Fu Chen "impeached Duan Qirui for the first time" in the parliament, believing that "the country was ill and the people were ill". His integrity of daring to speak and anger has won praise from members of Parliament. During the lecture of liberal arts at Peking University, he wrote 20 volumes of general history of China, 10 volumes of Zhuzi's general meaning, 2 volumes of Laozi's Fawei and 2 volumes of Zhuangzi's Fawei. His book history of Chinese philosophy is an unfinished work, beginning with "general theory" and ending with "Taigong". Feng Youlan, a philosopher, was a student of Chinese philosophy from 1915 to 1917, while Jin Yufu, the famous author of the history of Chinese historiography, was a student of history. Chen's insights in these handouts are still shining today.

Death of illness

In the summer of 1917, he died on July 31 because of his grief. He was 59 years old. As a passionate educator, upright politician, outstanding philosopher and historian, Chen Fu Chen's achievements and contributions are indeed commendable! In June 1995, Zhonghua Book Company published the collection of Chen Fu Chen, which was included in the series of modern Chinese characters. Chen Fu Chen's life and thoughts will be valued and further developed.

work

Chen Fu Chen collection (edited by Chen Depu) was published by Zhonghua Book Company in 1995, and included in the collection of modern Chinese characters.

Former Residence

position

There is an old western style gate (huiwenli No. 43) at the intersection of shuaili and huiwenli. This is the former residence of Chen Fuchen, a great historian.

structure

Its former residence, facing east from the west, is a western style building in the early Republic of China, which is composed of main courtyard and auxiliary courtyard. The main building of the main courtyard is five rooms wide, with three wing rooms on the left and right. It is surrounded by a quiet courtyard with a single door. A corridor is set in the hatchback room, which is connected with the front corridor on the second floor of the main building to form an ambulatory. The hatchback has been rebuilt, but the traces of the original building still exist. The main building is of brick and wood structure, with six deep rooms. The eaves and columns are made of brick, and the inner columns are made of wood. The square bluestone plinth is laid under it, and various flower and grass patterns are embossed, which is very exquisite. Roof herringbone grass frame two slope, small green tile laying. On the second floor, an arch gate is built to connect the wing room and the corridor. Two small columns are built between the two columns in the open room. The two columns are connected by comb back arch and pointed arch respectively. The density is alternate. There are differences in the same, lively and lively. On the second floor, a guardrail is built, decorated with square vase and column shaped railing, which is simple and generous. It has a strong Western style.

There are five rooms in the hall, with western style platform doors in the middle. At present, the vestibule house has been rebuilt, and only the platform door remains. The door is of brick and stone structure, decorated with couplet frame (the couplet has been destroyed), with wide stone slab on it, high forehead, plastic rectangular plaque, and patterns piled on the inside and outside corners. The outside looks like a bat, and the interior is decorated with flowers and plants, which sets off the delicacy, elegance and atmosphere of the whole door.

The main building of the courtyard is also a two-story Western-style building, with three rooms wide in front, six rooms deep in front and four slope top, forming another small courtyard with the left and right corridor and front hall; and with the left and right Pavilion building in the back, with two slope top, one room wide in front, forming a "U" shape with the left and right Pavilion building. There is no main gate in the courtyard, only one side gate is opened in linshenmingting Lane (the number is No.1 shenmingting Lane). It turns out that the main courtyard is connected with the auxiliary courtyard. Two doors are opened. An arched door is built between the front porches of the two floors, and a round door is opened between the partition walls of the two small courtyards.

value

The two courtyards are not only relatively independent, but also connected with each other, enjoying the design pattern of heaven and earth, and integrating the Chinese graceful and secluded national style into the western architecture. The whole house is decorated with clear water facade, European doors, windows, eaves and decoration, which is quite exotic and has high appreciation value and artistic value.

Chinese PinYin : Chen Fu Chen