Huan fan

Huan fan

Huan fan? It was born in Longkang County, Pei county (now Longkang Town, Huaiyuan County, Anhui Province). During the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Wei was a minister, a writer and a painter.

At the end of Jian'an period, he served as the prime minister's official, and jointly wrote Huanglan with Wang Xiang. In the first year of Yankang, he served as the left supervisor of Yulin. During the reign of emperor Wei and Ming, he successively served as the leader and Minister of China, general of Zhenglu, general of dongzhonglang and governor of Yanzhou. During the Zhengshi period, he was granted the title of "big Si Nong" and gave advice to general Cao Shuang. After the gaopingling coup (249), Cao Shuang was urged to take the emperor Cao Fang into Xuchang, but it was not adopted, and was eventually killed by Sima Yi, the Taifu.

Huan fan has a lot of literary talent and is the author of Shi Yao Lun (Huan fan's new book). Zhang Yanyuan is good at painting, and Zhang Yanyuan's "notes of famous paintings of the past dynasties" in the Tang Dynasty is a middle-class product.

Life of the characters

Early experience

Huan fan entered the prime minister's office at the end of Jian'an. Jianan 25 years (AD 220) for the Yulin left prison, because of talent and learning, and Wang Xiang and other co-author of the "Huanglan.". When the Ming emperor was the leader and Minister of the central military, he recommended to Cao Rui, the Ming emperor. Xu xuandao said: "my subordinates heard that the emperor employed different talents according to different situations; when they fought for the world, they used strategy as the prerequisite; after the world was pacified, they used loyalty as the primary criterion. Therefore, Duke Wen of Jin defeated the Chu people in Chengpu by using his uncle's strategy, but gave priority to Yongji, who criticized his uncle's strategy of "fishing with all his might"; Liu Bang, the emperor of Gaozu, used the resourceful Chen Ping in his lifetime, but entrusted the aftermath to Zhou Bo when he died. In my opinion, the Minister Xu Xuan was honest, upright, elegant and independent. He did not stick to the common customs. He was strong and strong. He had the integrity to support the country. He served as the governor of the state and was competent when he was in office. Now that the position of imperial court servant is vacant, I don't think there is a more suitable person for this key position with great responsibility than Xu Xuan. " So Cao Rui appointed Xu Xuan as Zuo pushe.

Later, he moved to collect general Lu and general dongzhonglang, and made the governor of Qing and Xu. During his term of office, he had a housing dispute with Zou Qi, the governor of Xuzhou. Huan fan intended to kill Zheng Qi with the power of envoy, but was dismissed by Zheng Qi. Later he moved to Yanzhou, but he was not satisfied. Later, he moved to Jizhou as a herdsman, but Huan fan was later than his Zhenbei general LV Zhao, and his official position was higher than his own, so he said he was ill and didn't take office.

Keep duty and give advice

In Zhengshi years, Huan fan was appointed as the chief agricultural officer, known for his honesty and thrift. Huan was not very close to general fan because of his close relationship with him. Brothers Cao Shuang and Cao Xi have been traveling together for many times. Huan Fan said to him, "your brothers are in charge of the forbidden army, so it's not suitable to go out of the city together. If someone closes the gate, who can go into the city? " Cao Shuang said, "who dares to do such a thing?" After all, I never listen to advice.

The beginning of the party struggle

In 249, the Gaoping mausoleum was changed. Taking advantage of Cao Shuang and Cao Fang's visit to Gaoping mausoleum, Sima Yi, the Taifu, launched a coup, closed the city gate of Luoyang, and ordered Huan fan to lead the army and take over CaO Xi's army. Huan fan was about to answer his orders, but his son, the emperor, was on Cao Shuang's side and urged him to go to Cao Shuang. Huan fan finally changed his mind to go to Gaoping mausoleum. When he went out, all his subordinates dissuaded Huan fan, but Huan fan didn't listen. At the gate of Pingchang, he falsely claimed that he had obtained the imperial edict and successfully left the city. At that time, Da Si Nong Huan fan took Da Si Nong Yin to look for Cao Shuang. After seeing this, Sima Yi said to Jiang Ji, "think tanks are going." Jiang Ji said, "Cao Shuang is estranged from huanfan. He is a bad horse, but he can't use huanfan's tactics." After Huan fan saw Cao Shuang brothers, he advised them to take the emperor to Xuchang, called on the emperor to ask for the support of other military forces in the country to fight against Sima Yi, and assured them that they would not be short of food. But Cao Shuang's brothers couldn't make a decision. One night later, Cao Shuang was even more determined to quit office and surrender. He thought that obediently handing over power could continue the rich and luxurious life of marquis and preserve his family. Huan fan cried and said: "Cao Zidan (Cao Zhen) is a great hero. But now his three sons are stupid! I would expect that today I will be exterminated for your reasons! "

If you fail, you will be punished

Cao Shuang and others were dismissed, so the young emperor asked Huan fan to follow them back to the palace. To the north of Luoshui floating bridge, Huan fan saw Sima Yi, so he got out of the car and kowtowed, but he said nothing. Sima Yi called out to Huan fan and said, "doctor Huan, what are you doing?" After driving into the palace, the imperial court ordered Huan fan to return to his original post. Huan fan went to the court to show his gratitude, waiting for the letter of appointment. At this time, Si fan himself turned himself in to the government office and confessed that Huan fan had said Sima Yi had conspired against him when he left the city. Sima Yi was very angry and said, "if you falsely accuse others of treason, how should you punish them according to the law?" Finally, he was charged with false accusation of treason and sent to Tingwei. He was executed together with Cao Shuang and others as a party and killed the three ethnic groups.

personal works

The twelve volumes of Legalists of Sui Dynasty and Shi Yao Lun were written by huanfan, the great Minister of Wei Dynasty. There were twenty volumes in Liang Dynasty, which were lost later. The new Tang annals is the same as Sui annals, and the old Tang annals contains ten volumes of daiyaolun, which are quoted in later books, or zhengyaolun, or huanfan Xinshu, or huanfan Shilun, or HuanGong Shilun, or Huanzi, or weihuanfan, or huanfan Lun, or huanfan Yaoji. "Qunshuzhiyao" contains 14 chapters of "on political leaders", which are revised and revised according to each book, and is made into one volume.

Historical evaluation

"Wei Lue" said: "before in Taige, it was called Xiaoshi and Si Nong, also known as Qing province."

Wang Guang: "Cao Shuang lost his people with pride and extravagance. Uncle He Ping died of vanity. Although Ding, Bi, Huan and Deng had hopes of staying, they all competed in the world. In addition, the imperial code was changed, and the number of government orders was changed. Although the existence was high, there was no way to deal with the affairs. The people were accustomed to the old, and there was no way for them to follow. Therefore, although the situation spread all over the world, the world was shocked, and the famous people were cut in half on the same day, and the people were at ease. Don't worry about it. It's because of the loss of the people. "

Zhang Yanyuan: "today, it is divided into three ancient times to determine the noble and the humble, and the Three Kingdoms of Han and Wei are the ancient times, so are Zhao Qi, Liu Yao, Cai Yong, Zhang Heng, Cao Mao, Yang Xiu, Huan fan, Xu Miao, Cao Buxing and Zhuge Liang."

Su Shi: "Sima Yi asked Cao Shuang, Huan fan ran to him. Yi said to Jiang Ji: "the brain trust is gone!" Ji said, "fan Zezhi is a wise man. If a horse loves beans, it can't be used. Fan said that Shuang moved his car to Xuchang and recruited foreign soldiers, but Shuang didn't follow. Fan said, "the worry lies in the army's food, and the great Si Nong's seal lies in my promise." It doesn't work. After Chen Gong and Lu Bu were captured, Cao Cao said to the palace, "Gongtai has more than enough wisdom in his life. What's the situation today?" "You don't have to use Gongyan, otherwise, you don't know!" Who are Lu Bu and Cao Shuang? And for its use, how to say! Zang Wuzhong said, "you are like a rat. This is wisdom."

Chen Pu: "He Bei confuses the red Luoyang, riding sparsely should pillow the red makeup together. There is no place for Deng, so why go to Xuchang with a corpse? "

Anecdotes and allusions

Murder of pregnant wife

When Huan fan heard that he was about to be transferred to Jizhou, because at that time Jizhou was under the command of Zhenbei general LV Zhao, and LV Zhao's talent and official career was originally after Huan fan, Huan fan began to treat his wife

Zhong chang

"I'd rather be a minister in the court and kneel down to Sangong than be subordinated to Lu Zizhan," he complained His wife, Zhong Changshi, said, "when my husband was in the East as governor of Qingzhou and Xuzhou, he was convicted of killing Xuzhou governor without authorization. People say that you can't be a boss, but now you are ashamed to be subordinate to LV Zhao. You can't be a subordinate." Huan fan was annoyed when he heard his wife's words. He took the ring head knife and stabbed his wife's stomach with the ring. Zhongchang was pregnant at that time. She was injured and miscarried. She died soon.

To persuade a friend to see his wife

During the Three Kingdoms period, Wei Wei Wei Ruan had a daughter, Ruan's daughter. She was Ruan Kan's sister and was very ugly. At the command of her parents and the words of the matchmaker, the ugly girl married Xu Yun. After the wedding, the bridegroom did not enter the bridal chamber. The family is very worried about this. It happened that Huan fan, the Ruan family's best friend, came to congratulate him. Ruan's daughter said happily, "don't worry. The bridegroom will listen to his friend's advice and enter the bridal chamber."

Sure enough, after Huan fan knew this, he sincerely said to Xu Yun, "since the Ruan family married an ugly girl to you, there must be a reason. You have to think about it carefully."

an incompetent man clinging to a good position

In the first month of 249 A.D., Sima Yi pretended to be ill and cheated Cao Shuang. Cao Shuang boldly took his party members with him and went to worship Gaoping Mausoleum (at the foot of Baling mountain in the north of Ruyang County, western Henan Province) with Cao Fang, the Wei emperor. As soon as he was out of the city, Sima Yi, who seemed to be dying of illness, jumped out of his bed and issued a series of orders in a lively way, taking control of Luoyang, the capital. Si Nong Huan fan, who is regarded as Cao Shuang's party, is a very resourceful man, but Cao Shuang is friendly to him on the face, but alienated from him on the heart. At this time, he saw that the capital had changed. Thinking that the emperor was still outside, he escaped from the city by the emperor's will. As soon as he got the report, Jiang Ji, the leading general of Sima Yi's party, said to him, "the think tank has gone!" Sima Yi said: "Cao Shuang is alienated from Huan fan in his heart, but his intelligence is not up to Huan fan's level. He will not listen to Huan fan's stratagem if he is a bad horse and loves beans."

Family members

According to Tian Yuqing, a scholar, Huan fan, who was killed in the prison of Cao Shuang in 249 A.D., was the main character of the sixth Huan family of Longkang in Qiaojun, and was the great ancestor or brother of Huan Yi. Huan fan is probably the fifth son of Huan Dian. Tian Yuqing thinks that the reason why the Huan family of Longkang lost the sixth generation's taboo official performance is that Huan fan was killed and the Huan family became a criminal family, so the escaped descendants tried to hide the Huan family.

The picture on the right shows the lineage table of the Huan family of Longkang by Tian. Long Kang Huan family, Huan Kai, word regular, for Ji