Imperial concubine Zhen

Empress Dowager Ci'an

Empress Dowager Ci'an (from August 12, 1837 to April 8, 1881), who was born in Liuzhou prefecture (now Liuzhou City, Guangxi), was empress xiaozhenxian of niuhulu's family. She was the second empress of emperor Xianfeng. She presented the first-class Cheng'en Hou Jin to the third-class Cheng'en Gong, the daughter of muyang'a of Youjiang Road, Guangxi, and the granddaughter of the eighth granddaughter of the founding minister Erdu.

In the second year of Xianfeng (1852), she was selected to enter the palace in February. On April 27, she was granted imperial concubines; on May 25, she was granted imperial concubines; on the eighth day of June, she was appointed queen, and on October 17, she was given a ceremony. She was the fastest promoted successor in Qing Dynasty. It took her only 40 days to go from a concubine to a queen, and it took her only six months to make a list. After the death of emperor Xianfeng in July 1861, Zaichun became emperor Tongzhi and Empress Dowager with the emblem of "Ci'an".

On the 10th of March in the seventh year of Guangxu (April 8, 1881), Empress Dowager Ci'an collapsed in Zhongcui palace and was buried in dingdong Mausoleum of puxiangyu. After the Guangxu and Xuantong dynasties, the final posthumous title was "Empress of filial piety, Zhen, Ci'an, Yu Qing, Jing Chengjing, Yi Tianzuo and Sheng Xian".

Life of the characters

On July 12, 1837 (August 12, 1837), empress xiaozhenxian was born in Liuzhou, Guangxi.

According to the genealogical records of Niu co Lu's family, his great grandfather che'erge was the third son of e'yedu. He was the Minister of the Ministry of household in the early Qing Dynasty, and was appointed as the commander of Qi Du Wei and the commander of Yun Qi Wei. His grandfather Baka was the commander of the guard army, and his original wife and Xuxian were both clansmen. His great grandfather Yongshou was the sixth son of Baka, and he was the style of Ren Bi tie. His great grandfather Zunzhu was the eldest son of Yongshou, and he was the style of Ren Bi tie. His wife was the niece of Yin Jishan In order to comply with his eldest son, Putan became an official of the general army, and his third younger brother Fu Sen became an official of the Ministry of household affairs.

In a word, empress xiaozhenxian was born in the third room of Hongyi's capital, and was a tributary of Hongyi's family. His family declined slightly in the Kangyong and Qianlong dynasties, but gradually returned to the rank of first-class families in the Qianlong and Jiaqing dynasties. This kind of family background and the status of kinship should be one of the important reasons for Empress xiaozhenxian to be a candidate for the queen.

Renzi was elected to the palace in February (March 21, 1852 - April 18, 1852) in the second year of Xianfeng. He entered the palace on April 27 (June 14, 1852) and was granted an imperial edict

Zhen

Concubines

. The title "Zhen" in Manchu is "jekdun", which is a special word to describe "chastity". In Chinese, "Zhen" is extended to "Zheng". May 25 (July 12, 1852), Zhao Jin

Zhen

Princess

On June 8 (July 24, 1852), the imperial edict was made queen, and the ceremony of conferring the title of concubines was not held; on October 17 (November 28, 1852), the imperial edict was made queen.

In August of the tenth year of Xianfeng (1860), I drove out of sure river.

On July 17 (August 22, 1861), Emperor Wenzong collapsed and Mu Zong ascended the throne

Empress Dowager

. September (October 4, 1861 - November 1, 1861) back to the palace. On the first day of November (December 2, 1861), she and Cixi listened to the government behind the curtain in the Yangxin hall. She was 25 years old at that time and was known as the "East empress dowager".

On April 25 (May 23, 1862) of renxu, the first year of Tongzhi, the emblem was:

"Ci'an"

. At that time, the two palaces of filial piety, chastity and filial piety were respected together, and the imperial edict called "Empress Dowager of mother" and "Empress Dowager of virgin mother".

In 1869, the governor of Shandong Province, Ding Baozhen, heard about it, and the Empress Dowager ordered to punish it.

In October of Renshen in the 11th year of tongzhi (November 1, 1872 - November 30, 1872), the emperor Zaichun got married, with the emblem "Duanyu".

On December 18, 1874, Mu Zong was ill with pox and returned to political training. On the fifth day of December (January 12, 1875), Mu Zong collapsed, and Dezong entered into the grand unification and returned to power.

In the second year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, on July 12 (August 30, 1876), the Empress Dowager of Zhaohe Zhuangjing, Duan Yukang of Ci'an, was honored with the emblem of "Zhaohe Zhuangjing".

In the seventh year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, Xinsi died on March 10th at the age of 45. On May 13 (June 9, 1881), his posthumous title was empress Xiaozhen, Ci'an, Yuqing and Jingyi Tianzuo Shengxian. On September 17, it was buried at Maoshi in the dingdong mausoleum in puxiangyu, west of the south foot of Changrui mountain, and on September 22, it was buried in the Yitai temple.

In April of the first year of Xuantong (1908), with the word "Chengjing" added, the complete posthumous title: Xiaozhen, Ci'an, Yuqing, jingchengjing, yitianzuo, Shengxian queen.

The story of the characters

Political history

On July 17, 1861, Emperor Xianfeng collapsed. On his deathbed, he did three things: first, he made Zaichun, the eldest son of the emperor, the crown prince. 2、 He ordered Zaiyuan, Duanhua and Jingshou, the former ministers of the imperial court, and Su Shunhe, the scholar of the University, and Mu Yin, Kuangyuan, Du Han and Jiao Youying, the ministers of military aircraft, to be the ministers of zanxiang administration. 3、 The empress Niu Hu Lu's "imperial reward" seal was granted to represent the power of the mother and the emperor Zaichun's "tongdaotang" seal to represent the power of unifying the world, and the imperial edict of "sending Zaiyuan and other eight ministers to assist in all government affairs" was issued.

The unique position in the Xinyou coup. In essence, the coup was a power struggle within the imperial court. One side is the Empress Dowager of the two palaces and the royal family headed by Gong Qin Wang Yixin. The other side is the eight ministers appointed by Emperor Xianfeng on his deathbed. Cixi was the organizer, planner and leader of the coup. Yixin was the backbone of the coup, but the role of cian should not be ignored. As a highly respected empress of the former palace and Empress Dowager at that time, she played an important role. So she was the key person in the coup. Cixi, who is smart and resourceful, knows this better than anyone else. Cixi is more aware that she ascended the throne of Empress Dowager by relying on "the mother's son is precious". The Empress Dowager of xinuange in Yangxin hall listens to the government behind the curtain. Her reputation, qualifications and influence are far inferior to those of cian. If we do not win over Ci'an, we will not achieve the goal of seizing power and listening to the government behind the curtain. Cixi finally pulled Ci'an to her side with her tongue. On the other hand, if Ci'an firmly supported emperor Xianfeng's will, unreservedly supported and stood on the side of the eight ministers, the Xinyou coup would not have happened, and the Qing history would have to be rewritten.

The talent of administration

It is recorded in the Qing palace anecdote that "the eastern palace is superior to virtue, and the great punishments and rewards are the real masters; the Western Palace is superior to talent, and the merits and demerits of judging and reading memorials, and calling for consultation and visits at the right time". Although she is not interested in power, her political talent is not inferior. Cixi is talented and has a strong political desire. She is detached and does not like government affairs. She lets Cixi do her daily affairs. She is happy and comfortable. The evaluation of Ci'an and Cixi at that time was that they had their own strong points. Ci'an was "superior to virtue" and Cixi was "superior to talent". Some daily affairs are handled by Empress Dowager Cixi, but every time there is a major political event, it is up to empress dowager cian to make the final decision. From this we can see that the Empress Dowager Ci'an is in power and has a way to control it. Xue Fucheng, who served as the ambassador of the Qing Dynasty to Britain during the reign of Guangxu, served as the Minister of Guanglu temple, the Minister of Dali temple, and the imperial envoy of zuoyudu after returning to China, wrote in his notes of Yongji that he Guiqing, the governor of Liangjiang who had lost his land and escaped from the battle, sentenced the arrogant and greedy Shengbao to death and awarded the titles of Zeng Guofan, Zuo Zongtang, and Li Hongzhang to Zeng Guofan. Most of the people agreed with the virtue and style of the Empress Dowager Ci'an. At that time, there was even a saying that "the occasional deeds of the eastern palace were praised by the whole world".

1、 Kill andehai, the government and the public applaud

. The system of Qing Dynasty: eunuchs are not allowed to leave the capital, and those who commit crimes are not pardoned. Ande Hai is Cixi's confidant eunuch. Relying on Cixi's trust, he acts recklessly. The ministers in the court, even the emperor, hated him to the bone. In August of the eighth year of tongzhi (1869), ande Hai asked Cixi to send him to Jiangnan to buy longyi and get permission. But he didn't know how to restrain himself. He swaggered all the way. When he passed through Shandong, he was captured by Ding Baozhen, governor of Shandong. Ding Baozhen promptly took the matter to the court. Cixi intended to protect it, and cian "ordered to punish it.". As a result, Andrea was brought to justice. As a result of the strong support of Ci'an, Andrea was able to subdue the Dharma. At that time, people were very happy.

2、 Set up

Arut's

For the queen

. In 1872, Emperor Tongzhi was already 17 years old, and reached the age of marriage. Ci'an takes a fancy to the daughter of Chongqi, who is Shujing, Duanhui and Rongde, while Cixi takes a fancy to the daughter of fengxiu, who is young, pretty and intelligent. The two men held their own opinions, and finally decided to be decided by Emperor Tongzhi himself. As a result, Emperor Tongzhi adopted the opinion of Ci'an and agreed to make the aLute queen. It shows that emperor Ci'an's influence in this matter is lofty.

Historical records

Records of the Qing Dynasty and Xianfeng Dynasty

Emperor Xianfeng issued an imperial edict to empress Niu Hulu

To the cabinet, I have to change Xianheng. The first emphasis is on the foundation of human relations, and the first emphasis is on the origin of weathering. Sui Wanfu is suitable for salt. The six palaces were unified to make a rule style Jiling code. Therefore, the instrument of long was raised. The Royal concubine Niu Hulu. Quality is soft and fine. The degree of line regularity. It's made by nature. Yu symbolizes the auspiciousness of Wending. There is no boundary to the land. Si XieShun inherited the good fortune. However, kemaoxiufu's internal governance allowed him to be in the middle palace. It was made queen. To preach and teach. All ceremonies should be held. The Department observes the rules and regulations.

Emperor Xianfeng appointed his concubine Niu Hulu as the empress

：

He ordered Yu Cheng, a scholar of the University, to be a good envoy. Yi Xiang, the Minister of rites, was the Deputy envoy. The book is a treasure. The imperial concubine Niu Hulu was appointed queen. Canonization

Chinese PinYin : Zhen Fei