Zhang Shaogang

Vegetable cultivation system

Vegetable cultivation system refers to the rotation cultivation of vegetables on a piece of land in a certain period and the planning and arrangement of seasonal crops and land use crops, including rotation, intercropping, intercropping, multiple cropping and row sowing.

introduce

According to the local natural and economic conditions, the establishment of reasonable vegetable cultivation system can make full use of natural resources, maintain a good ecological environment and soil fertility, and is conducive to the overall and sustained yield increase of vegetables, increase vegetable varieties and annual balanced supply.

sustainable development

In order to ensure the development of vegetable production in the direction of sustainable high yield, stable yield, high quality and variety, high efficiency and low cost, and gradually realize the modernization of vegetable industry, it is necessary to build a stable and efficient vegetable ecosystem based on the basic viewpoint of modern agricultural ecology, which is the basis of establishing a sustainable vegetable cultivation system.

From the perspective of optimizing the structure of agro ecosystem in vegetable areas, it is not appropriate to overemphasize the single component of vegetables. Even if vegetables are the main part of farming, it should be regarded as a system together with grain, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery. In order to prevent all kinds of diseases and consequences caused by the single component in the vegetable ecosystem (only growing vegetables), we should focus on vegetables and develop the vegetable, forestry, animal husbandry, grain, fishery and other industries together.

For example, in the suburbs of Hangzhou, in addition to the main vegetables, animal husbandry (Hu sheep, cows, etc.) and fishery are very developed. On the one hand, crop residues in vegetable fields are fully utilized, and at the same time, livestock excrement and pond mud provide high-quality organic fertilizer sources for vegetable fields. The structure of "vegetable, livestock and fishery" is an optimized ecological structure type of suburban type, which lays a foundation for the establishment of a good vegetable cultivation system. Another example is the Trinity ecological structure of pig biogas and vegetable covered by plastic greenhouses promoted in Liaoning Province, which uses pig manure and urine to produce biogas for lighting and cooking, uses rotten high-quality manure water and carbon dioxide produced by pigsty to promote vegetable production, and uses vegetable plastic greenhouses to increase temperature to ensure biogas production and pig weight gain in winter. Therefore, the research and establishment of vegetable cultivation system should focus on the whole of agricultural ecosystem in vegetable area, give full play to the overall characteristics of the system, establish the viewpoint of large-scale agriculture, and lay a reliable foundation for stable and high yield of vegetables.

Crop rotation

The key to making the rotation plan is the reasonable collocation of vegetable species

(1) The deep rooted and shallow rooted vegetables with different nutrient requirements were rotated;

(2) Arrange legume crops in rotation plan;

(3) For example, it takes 2-3 years for potatoes, cucumbers and ginger, 3-4 years for eggplants and more than 5-6 years for watermelon and melon;

(4) Among the vegetables with different secretions, the ones that promote each other or do not affect each other should be selected as the pre and post crops, such as onion, garlic, onion and so on;

(5) The vegetables that cover the ground completely should be intercrossed with the vegetables that grow slowly and have small plant type, which is beneficial to weed control.

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Shao Gang