Tang Yuanjie

Tang Yuanjie

Tang Yuanjie (719-772 A.D.), named as manlang, mansuo, aosou and Langshi, was born in Henan (now Luoyang, Henan). Tianbao 12 years (AD 753) Jinshi.

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Since the "an Shi rebellion", Yuan Jie's family took refuge and moved southward, first to Xiangyang, then to Tuixi (now in Ruichang, Jiangxi Province), and then to Wu (now in Ezhou).

Character experience

During the reign of suzong, he served as the chief of staff of Shannan Dongdao, took part in the activities of fighting against Shi Siming's rebels, made great achievements, and was promoted to wailang, a member of the Ministry of water. Because of the jealousy of the powerful officials, he once resigned from office and retired to Wuchang. He wrote books to amuse himself. In history, he said that he would stand for the emperor and beg his relatives to return to Fanshang. According to textual research, the time should be around 763 A.D. In his later years, he came back and served as governor of Daozhou and governor of Rongzhou. He was in charge of the administration and had a good record in his official career. The history said, "the people enjoy their education, and the right people praise their virtue.". "Under the manjialang Pavilion, by the fan river. Go to Guo Wu Liu Li and take a boat to the door. It can be seen from his poem fan Shang man Zuo that when Yuanjie was in Ezhou, he lived in seclusion in the valley of retreat at the foot of langting mountain and on the Bank of Fanshui river. In the valley of retreat today, there is a quiet small villa with two stories of yellow tiles and red walls. It is located in the mountain of fan, facing the lake of Cuan, with bamboo trees and fragrant pines and osmanthus. This is the place where Yuanjie once lived in seclusion. Yuan Jie had a political ambition to save the difficult times. He was deeply dissatisfied with the powerful officials' control of the government and wanton search. He advocated that literary works should play a political role of "saving the time and persuading the common people", and opposed to emphasizing only the form and rhetoric but ignoring the content. His poems focus on reflecting the political reality and the suffering of the people, and the content is relatively rich. His poems such as "Ling Xing" and "the thief retreats to show the officials" are highly praised by Du Fu. His prose style is high and ancient, not popular, but also involves current politics. Ouyang Xiu called it "excessive spirit and vigorous writing". For example, the poem "Yu Chang Wu Zhi Shi Wei Zhao Guan" is the representative work of his political poems in Ezhou: there are many hungry people in the mountains and many bad houses in the gullies. if the war does not stop, when will the levy be sufficient. can't save people, can't eat millet. What's more, if you're a fake official, you'll have to ask for his salary? in recent years, there have been more officials, but not in a few months. He who comes will not be humiliated. He advised me to be the leader of the resigning government and swim back from me. There is a cold spring in the valley to wash your clothes. This poem is Yuan Jie's advice to Chang Wu, who was acting as an official at that time, not to be an official. There are sixteen sentences in the whole poem, each of which has four levels. First of all, he exposed the dark reality of the society at that time: "after the an Shi rebellion, the war continued year after year, the people were in dire straits, and the rulers were still not satisfied with excessive levies. Secondly, he explained his political principle: if a man with lofty ideals can't save the people from fire and water, he shouldn't eat the people's bread, not to mention the officials who manage the people, and they can't muddle along and be greedy for salary. Then, he earnestly warned the other party that in recent years, officials have changed rapidly, and promotion and dismissal are uncertain. If you are dismissed in the future, won't you be shamed for life because you are greedy for a moment's glory? In the end, he sincerely took refuge from the other party - you'd better resign from your present official position and follow me to the retreat valley of Xishan Mountain. There is a clean cold spring in the retreat Valley, which can wash the dirt on your clothes for you. From this poem, we can clearly see that Yuanjie was politically incompatible with the ruling class at that time, and was determined not to cooperate with it. To a certain extent, it also reflected the poet's concern for the people's suffering and powerless mentality. During his seclusion in Ezhou, he lived with two county magistrates, Meng Shiyuan and Ma long. Fufeng people in Tang Dynasty were very friendly. In particular, Meng Shiyuan (Meng Yanshen, the word Shiyuan, the second Jinshi in the second year of dengtianbao) was originally the magistrate of Wuchang County in the last year of Tianbao B. when the Yuan Dynasty came back to seclusion fan Shang, Shiyuan had already dismissed the official. They were sympathized with each other and were like-minded. Therefore, they often went to the west mountain, toured the valley, and Panhu together to sing poems. In the spring of one year, it snowed heavily for ten days in succession. In the early morning, the taxi who lived in the city "got up to look at Fanshan, but saw qunyufeng". He immediately thought of his old friends who lived in seclusion in the mountains and worried about "the cold in the mountains, how can he be safe?" Imagine that in this ice and snow, Yuanjie is probably "Haoqi Ningshu case (one for account?), clear fishing rod", right? Originally, he wanted to visit Yuanjie in person, but because of the difficulty of crossing the river, he couldn't get into the mountain. So he wrote a poem entitled "snow in Fanshan spring sent to yuanci mountain" to express his sincere friendship. After Shi Yuan died, Yuan Jie wrote the poem "ZHAOMENG Wuchang poem", which highly praised Shi Yuan's achievements in Wuchang. He recruited his spirit under the spring and invited him back to visit the valley and the lake with him. It can be seen that they have a deep friendship and are extraordinary. The deep friendship between Yuanjie and Meng Shiyuan is recorded in a series of scenic spots such as Huigu, Fuhu and their surroundings. In fact, tuigu is a long and narrow valley formed naturally by the connection of Xishan and Leishan. Langting mountain at the West foot of the west mountain and the east foot of Leishan mountain are naturally combined. The junction is like a break. From the river, it looks like an "eight". Yu, the king of the Song Dynasty, said that "the shape of the mountain is like eight characters, and the combination of the two is linked". Later, Wang Shipeng, the number one scholar, also commented that "the shape of the eight characters of the fan mountain is long". Tuigu is just in the eight characters. It is surrounded by mountains on three sides and faces water on one side. The valley bottom is deep, and all seasons are spring. Meng Shiyuan, the county magistrate, took Yuanjie's retreat from farming and fishing, and loved to travel in this valley. Therefore, he chose the meaning of seclusion and named this valley tuigu, which was exactly in line with Yuanjie's identity at that time. The scenery of tuiyu is very beautiful. Yuanjie describes the place as: "there are green mountains on the top and young men on the bottom; there are echoes on the steps and torrents on the surface; there are winds and clouds on the surface; there are breaths on the lips, so that we can deal with them to relieve our worries." And for the "back Valley Ming", pointed out that "back Valley" in the spring, or exciting or hanging, is actually the yuan C, full of longevity trees, and longevity vine lingering. In the middle of winter, "the wind and frost wither all things, and the valley is like spring," and "what's better in the valley, and the valley flows cold spring. Pine and cinnamon shade cottage, Bai Yunsheng sitting side. No wonder he chose this place to go back to seclusion, and repeatedly said that "if you want to learn farming and fishing, you must be old here.". In the back Valley, there is Fuhu lake, which is located at the foot of the western slope of the western mountain. It is named Fuhu because it is under the stone of fuzun. Yuan Jie pointed out in the parallel preface of Fuhu inscriptions that "Fuhu Lake reaches fuzun in the East, retreats to the valley in the west, meets Fanshui in the north, and langting in the south. There are rhombus, lotus, wild rice and cattail. A square mile or two can float. Every time he swam back to the valley with Shiyuan, he would flood the lake. Because tuigu is commonly known as Yangmen Ganggu, Fuhu is also known as Yangmen Ganghu. Long and narrow, the existing area of about 36 mu, can be called "pocket Lake". The lake is 12 meters deep. It can be used for fish farming and boating. There is a bottle stone on the lake. When you go up the east slope of tuigu or down the west slope of Shimen, you can see a bank stone about two meters high and two meters wide standing abruptly, just like a giant stone frog flying to squat on the mountain, so it is commonly known as "frog squatting stone". Yuan Jie often visited the western mountain with Meng Shiyuan, and had a rest and drink here. Because of the special shape of the stone, he dug holes on it to hide wine. Meng Shiyuan also loved this stone and named it "cuzun stone". Yuan Jie also built a "Pavilion" on the top of the stone, and wrote the inscription on the bottle, which vividly depicts the strangeness of the stone with the words of "like a sinus at the bottom, like leaning (several), harmony, not curved, not square, not irregular". Therefore, the stone is also called the bottle stone. During the reign of song Jiayou, Deng Shengqiu (named Runfu), the academician of the Imperial Academy, was the order of Wuchang. He once wrote the inscription of Yu Zun on the second mountain, which was engraved on the cliff of langting mountain. It was also mentioned in Su Dongpo's preface to Wuchang Xishan poem, which made this stone more famous. In addition to demoted county magistrate Meng Shiyuan, Yuanjie was also appointed as Wuchang county magistrate with the then serving county magistrate Ma Long (left King right structure). After the county administration, he built a pavilion on the fan mountain facing a big river. Yuanjie was named after it. Yuanjie was named after the pavilion because of its "different materials, different politics, and different traces.". In addition, he made "the story of the special pavilion" engraved on the stone, standing on the side of the pavilion. Ma Long also built the Guangyan Pavilion at the place of "Fanshan kaiguangyan" by Sun Quan, the great emperor of Wu in the past. The Yuan Dynasty's marriage and Jai "compared the terrain with the map of the core (the original" Li Chan ") and were invited to write the Guangyan Pavilion. The special pavilion no longer exists, while the Guangyan pavilion has been turned into Guangyan building, one of the scenic spots in Xishan. Shimen mountain, the highest peak of the western mountain, is on the top of the mountain. On both sides of the cliff, there are two upright huge stones, which are very similar to two open stone gates. It is said that Sun Quan cut the road from Fankou mountain to Wuchang City and split it with his own sword. Later generations call it "shimenkai", also known as "shuangshifeng", and this peak is also known as "Shimen mountain". Yuan Jie once traveled here with Ma Wang Xiang and inscribed the stone gate. Ma Wang Xiang was engraved on the stone. Guo Xiangzheng of the Song Dynasty wrote a poem named Shimen mountain, which says: "the two rocks stand upright, and the inscription can be recognized by picking mosses. It's because you know the virtuous Ling Yin, and you once remember (drunk) with mansou. But these two stone gates are neither open nor closed. This is the historical fact recorded. It tells us that in the Song Dynasty, the inscriptions on the stones were still indistinct and visible, but they were covered with moss. When Yuanjie lived in seclusion in Ezhou, it was not long before the "an Shi rebellion" was calmed down. Because of the continuous war, people were displaced, large areas of fertile land were deserted, agriculture was greatly damaged, and people's life was very difficult. Yuan Jie actively advocated reclaiming wasteland and developing agricultural production. His poem "Xiyang city" expresses his idea: "there is a continent in the north of the river, and it is better to plough hard on the continent. It is suitable for grain, not as good as Xiyang city. There are wild mulberry beside the city, and the city is desolate for many years. Food and clothing, what else can we expect? " In order to legalize reclamation, Yuanjie also made use of his special relationship with Ma Wangxiang, the magistrate of Wuchang County, to ask for orders for the people and actively win the support of local government officials. Practice has proved that he really achieved this goal, and his poem Gu Cheng Dong records it as follows

Chinese PinYin : Tang Yuan Jie