Dou guangnai

Dou guangnai

Dou guangnai (1720-1795) was an official and scholar in Qing Dynasty. Yuandiao, named Donggao, is a native of xiguojiabu village, Shunwang street, Zhucheng City, Shandong Province. In the seventh year of Qianlong's reign, he was a Jinshi, an editor, a censor of zuodou and a master of shangshufang. He was a governor of learning and administration, and was awarded the position of minister. In the 50 years since the establishment of the dynasty, Dou's style has been vigorous, without any attachment, which was highly valued by Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty. Han and Du were the masters of poetry and prose, while Zhiyi had its own family and wrote the collection of poetry and prose of shengwuzhai.

Life of the characters

Dou guangnai was born in Zhucheng, Shandong Province. The style is vigorous and vigorous, and you can see everything in the book, especially breaking the book. He died 76 years ago. He was a scholar at the age of 12 and ranked the third in the provincial examination at the age of 15. He was a Jinshi in the seventh year of Qianlong (1742). He successively served as a scholar, editor, Zuo zhongyun, cabinet bachelor, zuodu Yushi, Zhejiang Xuezheng, Minister of official affairs, shuguanglu Siqing, zongrenfu Fucheng, Minister of rites, zuodu Yushi, Zhejiang Xuezheng, shuntianfu Yin, Guanglu Siqing, Fujian provincial examination examiner And so on. After his death, his soul returned to his hometown and was buried in gaojiazhuang village, Linwu Town, Anqiu City, Shandong Province. Dou's cemetery is located behind gaojiazhuang village. On the front of the inscription, there is the inscription "civil official yushizu, a generation of imperial master". He was the teacher of Emperor Qianlong, and his cousin was Liu Yong, the Prime Minister of Qianlong period.

In 1786, he served as a scholar in Zhejiang Province. He impeached Fu Song, governor of Zhejiang Province, Huang Mei, county magistrate of Pingyang, and others for extorting fishermen. A GUI, an important official, went to Zhejiang Province to investigate again, trying to make the big thing smaller.

In 1787, Emperor Qianlong and Zhu Yun published a study of the old news about Japan. Emperor Qianlong once wrote a poem: "the mountains and rivers of Zhejiang are always beautiful and graceful, and all the students are literate. They have always learned from the people and become popular, and they have learned to respect what they have heard. We can see that in the process of external development, we should be honest and upright, and we should go weaving in the present and the past. He said, "it's like a duke, it's like a Ming Dynasty. After signing it, he gave it to Yi Nian Yin."

Dou guangnai was honest and loyal to his duty. When he was Yin of Shun Tianfu, he punished treacherous officials and investigated officials who neglected their duties. At that time, there was a serious plague of locusts in the suburbs, and he personally supervised the capture of the locusts. Qizhuang (Manchurian noble Village) refused to comply with the order. He angrily denounced it and was demoted. When he was the censor of zuodu, he often forgot to eat and sleep. When he was appointed to sacrifice to Nanhai on behalf of Zuo Shilang of the Ministry of war, local officials competed to give gifts, which were all rejected by him. When his father died, someone gave him a large sum of money. He refused to say, "I've never received a gift since I was an official in the Imperial Academy. How can I profit from my father's funeral?"?

In 1795, Qianlong was appointed as the president of Huishi University. He was removed from office because of the dispute over Manchu disciples because of the re examination of Gongsheng. In the same year, he died on September 17 of the lunar calendar and was buried in his hometown gaojiazhuang.

Character evaluation

Dou guangnai (1720-1795), a minister of Qing Dynasty, was born in gaojiazhuang, Linsu Township, Anqiu County. He is studious since he was a child, and he is outstanding. He ranks first in the children's examination and the local examination, and has the reputation of "child prodigy". In 1742 (the seventh year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong), Jinshi was awarded the Imperial Academy by Shu Jishi. He successively held the posts of shuntianfu Fu Fu Yin, zongrenfu Fu Fu Cheng, Fujian Zhengkao, Zhejiang Xuezheng, right servant of the Ministry of officials, zuodu Yushi of duchayuan, President of Huishi, etc.

Literary achievements

Dou guangnai is well-known for his excellent knowledge, erudition and talent. He is proficient in classics and history, especially in poetry and prose. His prose is clear and ancient. He is known as a "talented man" and deeply respected by Emperor Qianlong. At every grand ceremony, he was asked to write poems, write inscriptions, and read poems and essays. Together with Ji Wenda (Ji Yun), Zhu Wenwen (Zhu GUI), Weng Fanggang and other celebrities, he presided over the Wenyun movement for 30 years, which had a profound influence on the development of Qing Dynasty culture. His works have been handed down from generation to generation, such as the poetry draft of shengwuzhai and the anthology of shengwuzhai.

Aokou's Poems

When Dou guangnai presided over the Zhejiang provincial examination (a talk about Fujian provincial examination), he put forward the proposition of "Nanman tongues", which caused dissatisfaction among the candidates. It is said that Dou guangnai finally had to write a poem, which made the examinees read it in his hometown dialect. As a result, no one could read it down, and the disturbance was calmed down. This poem is widely spread in Qilu, which means to distinguish Southern barbarians.

Bieman poem

The residence officials of the pavilion sent to Beijing for a long time, and the courtiers came out of the city;

Relax Xiao temple to find monks, leisure play Huaxuan to Xiaoxing.

Love cut speech Pro destroy inch grass, leaving friends like Piaoping;

When he was born in a prosperous age, he was a scholar who knew books. He was a man of great reputation.

Historical records of the Qing Dynasty

Dou guangnai was born in Zhucheng, Shandong Province. In the seventh year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong, he was a Jinshi, selected a good scholar, and sent to the library for editing. The fourth grade of the entrance examination will be fined. Gao Zong had known guangnai for several months and promoted Zuo zhongyun. He is a Bachelor of cabinet. Twenty years later, he was granted the title of the censor. He was in charge of Zhejiang academic administration. On the southern tour, Linhai County instructed Zhang Zhiye to offer poems, while guangnai hindered it with poems. Knowing Ye wants to criticize guangnai, guangnai wants to hear. Shangzhao Zhiye tried to write poetry, which was very clumsy, and he said that he would join the army. He denounced his arrogance and ordered him to seize the post to defend and develop. A few years later, when he wanted to forgive him, he knew that he was rebellious and wanted to trap him.

Guangnai returned to the capital after he had completed his academic and political career. In qiuchen, guangnai imprisoned Chen Fu in Guangxi, regretting that he was guarding Tian He to kill a thief, so he was not suitable to enter the real situation; Luo ajian, a prisoner in Guizhou, tried to kill a thief, so he was not suitable to enter the probation: he disagreed, signed a contract with the Ministry of punishment, and spoke furiously. When the Ministry of punishment heard of it, he ordered scholars from the university to come to Bao and Shi Yizhi, and co sponsored Liang Shizheng, a Bachelor of science, to review it. He questioned guangnai, who said: "the objection to the two cases belongs to negotiation, not stubbornness. Because of the extreme words during the meeting, the Ministry of punishment quickly played the draft that had not been finalized. The minister failed to lower his heart and suppress his anger. He spoke politely with the Ministry of punishment. It's really hard to blame him. Please refer him to the Ministry for strict punishment. " On the "Huichen ceremony", guangnai used his own spirit, and even called abuse without knowing it. It is suggested that those who plan for the future should follow suit and not be taught in the constitution. He was ordered to stay in office when he moved to the left. Guangnai Shuyan: "the victim killed the thief, and the law stopped the staff.". In recent years, many provinces have been killed for stealing and resisting arrest, which is better than that of criminals who are good at killing for not resisting arrest. They are all based on fighting, lenient to stealing and strict to the victims, which is not intended to prohibit violence. Please comply with this law. " It's on the table.

In the 27th year of the reign of emperor guangnai, he was a scholar in the cabinet. To shun Tian Fu Fu Fu Yin. The grasshoppers were not caught in time, so they moved to sipingjingtang and remained in office. He went to Sanhe and Huairou to catch locusts. He said: "there are many flag lands near Jingzhou county. After catching locusts, the people are the tenants of flag lands, and they should be used as a whole." He was invited by the government to inform Yang tingzhang, governor of Zhili. Ting Zhang said that since Fang Guancheng, he set up a field protector, and the flag and the people served as soldiers. Shangfu asked guangnai to return to the capital, and ordered the Minister of Junji to meet him. Ask: "people for flag land tenancy, refused to dial husband application, belong to who Zhuang industry?" Guangnai can't be right. Please ask Tongzhi, Sanhe and Shunyi county magistrate to cross examine. I'd like to call off the field protectors and send them to catch locusts. On the contrary, he took over the position.

After several months, he was appointed to guangnai, but he was incompetent and had no serious problems. Then he moved to the government. He returned to Zhejiang as governor and promoted the Minister of the Ministry of officials. Thanks to the lack of warehouses in Zhejiang, it was ordered to check. Kuang Nai said: "the former Governor Chen Huizu and the governor Wang Yi were not strict in their inspection. When I heard that the counties of Jiaxing, Haiyan and Pingyang all had a deficit of more than 100000, I should check and draw up the plans respectively. " He ordered Cao Wenyu, the Minister of state, and Jiang Sheng, the Minister of state, to visit Yi ling'a and Guang Nai.

Xuanshu impeached Xi Shiwei, the magistrate of Yongjia, to borrow the granary of Zhusheng; Huangmei, the magistrate of Pingyang, pretended to be deficient and overcharged, and acted on the day of his mother's death; Xu Yanhan, the magistrate of Xianju, died in prison of Zhusheng and MA in Linhai; he lived in the capital last year with the chief envoy Sheng, and called for material discussion; governor fulehun went through Jiaxing to supply Haofan with thousands of soldiers. A GUI, a Bachelor of Shangming University, was ruled by Zhejiang Province. Aguishu said that he lived in the capital with more than 39000 yuan of silver, which was not personal wealth; Huang Meimu, the magistrate of Pingyang County, died on the eve of her ninetieth birthday when she acted in a drama; Ma Nan, the immortal living in Xianju, framed the temple monk Bo, fought again, and died in prison. There is no hatred in the language of guangnai. Guangnai once again discussed Mei affairs, and said that Agui sent his subordinate officials to Pingyang for consultation. However, he did not get the truth and bowed to Pingyang for investigation. Yi Ling a again impeached guangnai to go to Pingyang for punishment and forced him to testify. He accused guangnai of being perverse and disorganized, ordered him to seize the post and arrested him. Guangnai xunzao: "when I went to Pingyang in person, the scholars and the people donated tickets to the plum school, 50 yuan per mu of farmland, and thousands of rich households. It's not worth buying grain every year. Mei had been in the county for eight years, and she had donated no less than 200000 yuan. My mother didn't want to mourn when she died, so I made a play When guangnai presented a single ticket, Agui had returned to the capital, ordered Fu Ru to rule by the rule of Zhejiang, and ordered min'e, governor of Jiangsu Province, to cross examine guangnai. A GUI and e yuan sparsely said that Mei was greedy for facts, and the theory was just like the law. It was not wrong for him to play by guangnai. He ordered the Minister of Guanglu temple, Agui, Wenyu, Sheng and Yiling to discuss. Xuanzhuo guangnai was the Prime Minister of zongrenfu. He moved to the Ministry of rites. He returned to Zhejiang as governor. Then he moved to zuodou.

In sixty years, he was appointed as the official examiner of the examination. The first one was Wang Yikai of an, the second was Yiqi of Wang, and his brothers were named Gaodi. He shusu, a bachelor, was jealous of guangnai, saying that guangnai was a scholar of politics in Zhejiang Province. He ordered Xie to be appointed to listen to the Ministry's discussion and the court examination, and he was appointed as the official of reading papers. He was appointed as the first person to answer the questions. He was ordered to give the title of four grades. Death.

Folklore

Dou guangnai showed great talent when he was a child. The common people say that Dou guangnai is a star in the sky and an immortal. Naturally, there are many magical legends.

City God complains

It is said that when Dou guangnai was studying in a private school, he was smart and had many ideas, so although he was young, he was the first of his friends.

One day, he led a little buddy to Town God's Temple to play and play, and saw the statue of the City God, who had a poem in his mind. He wrote a poem in the City God's name: the City God, the City God, you went to Nanyang, and you went back to the countryside at the same time. If there is delay, you will be hit by two imperial bars.

the second day,