Xu Wenlie

Xu Wenlie

Xu Wenlie (1909-1976), formerly known as he Kun, was born in Dabao village, Banqiao Town, Xuanwei County, Yunnan Province. His father was a poor peasant with an economic level. He entered a private school at the age of 8 and studied in Banqiao primary school for four years. In 1923, he was admitted to Banqiao primary school. In January 1924, he was admitted by his uncle to the primary school affiliated to Qujing Third Normal University. In June 1925, he was forced to drop out because of his family circumstances.

In 1955, he was awarded the rank of major general by the Central Military Commission. He was awarded the first level Liberation Medal, the second level 81 medal and the second level independent freedom medal. In December 1959, he was transferred to the post of Deputy Secretary General of the General Political Department of the Chinese people's Liberation army.

It's not easy to study

At the beginning of 1926, he was admitted to the Third Normal University of Qujing, Yunnan Province. After one semester, his family couldn't help him with his study expenses. At the beginning of the second semester, he saw off other students in tears, sat at home alone and sighed. Finally, he borrowed money from his relatives and friends, and walked three days to Qujing with simple luggage. With little money left to pay his tuition, he had to go to the mountains on Sunday to collect firewood and sell help to maintain his study life. When studying in Qujing Normal University, Xu Wenlie was influenced by progressive teachers and students. He made rapid progress in his thoughts when he read progressive books during the great revolution. At the beginning of July 1928, the underground party launched the first strike movement in the school. He took the lead in responding and actively participated in it. After Chen Changyu (branch secretary) and Wu Yongkang introduced, he joined the Communist Party of China.

The career of joining the party

After joining the party, he often went to the poor to teach and sing songs such as "twelve glasses of wine for workers and peasants" and "Chinese New Year tune" to arouse the public. He often printed revolutionary leaflets, sometimes all night. In May 1929, the underground party organized a strike against the school authorities who often reprimanded the progressive students, and demanded that the school be run democratically and the principal be replaced.

Strike movement

During the strike, the underground Party organizations fully summed up the experience and lessons of the first strike. Instead of fighting alone, they expanded their momentum and influence by issuing manifestos, distributing leaflets and asking for help from nearby counties and provincial capitals. On June 30, 1929, Xu Wenlie and other 156 students complained to the Provincial Department of education that Xie Xianlin, the president of the province, had swallowed up school funds, appointed private persons, rejected dissidents, abandoned school affairs, and practiced autocracy. In order to lead the movement well, a strike committee was set up. Xu Wenlie was the organizing member of the strike committee. He personally led the students to fight face-to-face with the school authorities, and personally made slogans, prepared leaflets, organized the students to put up propaganda along the street, such as Guiyin party and Feng Xiangshi. In order to win the final victory of the strike, the strike committee decided to send Xu Wenlie and Wang Jisheng (also known as Wang Bingzhen) as student representatives to Kunming to petition the Provincial Department of education. Xu Wenlie, Wang Jisheng and Zhao Guohui made a detour to Kunming. After arriving in Kunming, under the guidance of the CPC Yunnan Provincial provisional Committee, they petitioned the Provincial Department of education. In the honor of the Provincial Federation of students, the Provincial Committee held a forum in the guest room of the provincial first normal university, inviting student representatives from various universities and colleges, journalists from various newspapers and representatives from various cultural organizations to attend. At the forum, Xu Wenlie reported on Qujing Normal School's actions, such as clever names, deceiving superiors, neglecting teaching, delaying youth, corruption and fraud, and the fact that the whole school's students launched a massive strike against its dark autocracy. In his speech, Xu Wenlie was tearful and moved in language, which won the support and sympathy of people from all walks of life. The next day, the people's Daily published a review article; the Provincial Federation of students, the provincial first normal school, the provincial first middle school and other schools issued leaflets and express mail and telegrams to support the trend of Qu teachers. The Provincial Department of education has to agree to replace the principal Xie Xianlin because of the situation. Thanks to the leadership of the party, the student movement has been very successful. Principal Xie Xianlin is restless and has planned to sell off her private house and return to Pingyi (Fuyuan) hometown. But when Long Yun led his troops to Guizhou to attack the warlords in Guizhou, he came back victoriously. He passed Qujing and stayed in Qushi school. Xie told long that long ordered Duan Kechang in Qujing county to solve the problem. With the support of Qujing county government, the school authorities expelled Xu Wenlie, Zhou Zian and Wang Bingzhen from school forever, and ordered the local officials to strictly control them, forbid them to sneak into the school to make trouble, and ordered all schools in the province to strictly prevent them from changing their names to apply for the examination. After being expelled from school, Xu Wenlie and Zhou Zian went to the province again by way of Luliang to ask for support from Kunming schools. At the beginning of August 1929, Xu Wenlie and Zhou Zian returned to Luliang from Kunming. They held a meeting with Wang Bingzhen and GUI Yintang, who pasted slogans and scattered leaflets in Luliang and asked people from all walks of life in Luliang to stand up for the students of Qushi. They contacted the students of all counties again to take concerted action, called on the educational circles of all counties to give assistance, sent letters to the returned students, and mobilized them not to return to school, Carry out the strike to the end. Xie Xianlin, President of Qu division, reported the situation to Long Yun, President of the province. After receiving the report, Long Yun replied: "I have received your letter. The inferior is so arrogant that it can be hated. Later, recommended by Liu Yuanmei and Cheng Xiwen, Xu Wenlie went to Biyun primary school in Southern District of Luliang County to teach. After arriving at the school, Xu Wenlie secretly carried out party work as a teacher.

patriotic movement

In the spring of 1930, the provincial provisional Committee adjusted the party organization of Luliang and established the county committee of Luliang Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, with Xu Wenlie as a member, responsible for the work of six districts (laoyazhao area). He took the school as a stronghold to carry out the work of student movement, agricultural movement and military movement. We should instill revolutionary ideas into students, publicize revolutionary truth, teach students and young farmers to sing revolutionary songs, and make songs such as "young vanguard song" and "International Song" popular in schools and rural areas. On the eve of the uprising, Lu Liang secretly sang the song of armed uprising: "in armed uprising, we should unite our hearts, Sue our workers, peasants and soldiers, hold high the red flag, sickle, axe and five pointed star. Revolution is the only way out for the oppressed class and the exploited people, and there is no survival without struggle. Insurrection, insurrection, armed struggle for power. " The heroic and majestic songs aroused the people to take part in the revolutionary armed riots. In the area of zhaokua and laoyazhao, Xu Wenlie organized secret organizations to launch more than 50 people's armed forces composed of young farmers and students. He also carried out united front work against Zhu shaoting, the leader of the small black regiment, and fought for more than 200 guns. In May of the same year, the provincial provisional Committee approved the plan of Luliang's armed uprising and determined that his armed forces would be temporarily assigned to the 38th army of the Red Army, with three divisions under it, with Zhu shaoting and Xu Wenlie as the leaders of the third division. On the night of July 3, 1930, the gunfire first broke out in Banqiao. Due to the inexperience of the riot team and the wrong command, the East Route Army did not arrive at the county on time, so the West Route Army who arrived first had to move, and the uprising army was defeated.

After the failure of the Luliang uprising, Xu Wenlie moved to Kunming to do party work. Later Xuanwei, together with underground party members Chen Changyu, he Zhengkun and Zhou Zian, set up a party branch in Banqiao and continued to carry out revolutionary activities. During that time, he and Huang YUNTI went to Xuanwei Haidai chongwenge primary school to teach. His Chinese, history and geography courses are very popular with students. They organized students to perform dramas such as "returning to agriculture" and "the whereabouts of Xiuxiang". He also made a speech on the stage and introduced the plot to stimulate the revolutionary enthusiasm of the peasants. Through performances and fund-raising, more rural children can go to school. After the destruction of the CPC Yunnan Provincial Committee, the branch lost contact with its superior. The Party branch was changed into a party group and continued to do the party's work.

Xu Wenlie was admitted to the Education Department of Yunnan Donglu University in February 1932 under the pseudonym of he Zhengkun, a student of the Provincial Third Normal University. In August 1933, Xu Wenlie was accused of "thinking leftist", "reading the weekly guide" and "suspected of the Communist Party". He was released on bail by headmaster He Yao after two months of detention because the authorities could not find any evidence. From then on, he lost the organizational relationship of the party. In January 1934, he graduated and returned to Xuanwei county middle school to teach. He secretly organized reading clubs among the students, circulated various progressive books and magazines, and led the progressive students to Banqiao primary school and Banqiao street to carry out Anti Japanese propaganda. In October, the first student of the county middle school was beaten by the police for no reason. He expressed deep sympathy for this. More than 100 students who supported Xuanzhong and Jianshi in upholding justice rushed into the police station to beat the police chief Fu Jiahui.

On April 26, 1935, the ninth Red Army of the first front of the red army passed Banqiao on the long march. At about 4 pm, the Legion Department stationed in Banqiao primary school and started activities. Some contacted schools and gathered students to speak. Some wrote slogans on the walls, such as "advanced revolutionary students, join the Communist Party of China", "the Red Army is not Rafah". Liu Xiongwu (in the spring of 1937, he was the chief of staff of the 89th division of the Red Army's West Route Army, and went west to hongliuyuanzi, Anxi County, Gansu Province, where he fought and died with the enemy) and talked with his hometown outside the school gate . Teacher Xu Wenlie, a member of the Communist Party who teaches in the county, arrived at Banqiao's home in the morning. Wang tou, the propaganda minister of the regiment and a native of Yixi in Yunnan Province, talked to Xu Wenlie as soon as he stayed and invited him to join the Red Army. When it was dark, Xu Wenlie attended a meeting held by several army leaders, including Luo Binghui, head of the army, and Liu Xiongwu, chief of the combat section, to study the plan of attacking Xuanwei City that night. When the red army passed Banqiao, Xu Wenlie led a group of ten students, including fan tonggong and Xu Wenli, who were awarded the rank of major general in 1964, to Huidong, the Propaganda Department of the ninth Red Army Corps, 20 miles southwest of the county seat, to join the Red Army. At this time, Xu Wenlie was the father of two children. For the sake of the revolutionary cause, he was determined to leave his wife and children in his hometown, follow the Red Army to do the revolution, and guide the Red Army to capture the county. After the ninth red army occupied Xuanwei County, he led the students

Chinese PinYin : Xu Wen Lie