Liu Yuzhong

Liu Yuzhong

Liu Yuzhong (1896-1982), whose name is Xiushan, was born in Lintong, Shaanxi Province. He is a famous performing artist of Qin opera and the founder of "Liu school" of Qin opera. He was brought up by his father Liu Lijie (the stage name is carpenter Hong). At the age of 16, he entered the Yisu social school and studied with Li Yunting, the great master of Qin opera. Through diligent study and hard training, we have made great progress in our skills. In a performance of "Ningwu pass" by a drama club, the protagonist missed the show for some reason. He volunteered to make up to save the scene, which made a big hit and gradually became the pillar of the Yisu club. Representative plays include "selling paintings to split the door", "walking snow", "revenge", "plan for burning bowls", "ningwuguan", "three drops of blood", "Chunqiu Bi", "youguishan", "flame horse", "chutangyi", "zhouren HuiFu", etc.

Drama life

Liu Yuzhong broke away from Yisu society in 1928 and became the president and star of Qinzhong society. In 1932, after the disintegration of Qin Zhong society, a new sound society was established. In 1946, he performed in Sanyi, Shangyou and other clubs. He returned to Yisu society in 1950. In 1952, he won the first prize for acting as Bai Maolin in "selling paintings and splitting doors" and Hu Yan in "You Gui Shan" at the first national opera performance conference. He served as member of all China Federation of literary and art circles and vice chairman of Xi'an Federation of literary and art circles.

representative work

He has a broad and deep voice, and is good at reflecting the inner contradictions of the characters with large sections of singing; he is generous in style, exquisite in posture, and good at both literature and martial arts, especially the old students of the old school. Ma Lianliang, a well-known Peking Opera actor, praised him as "one of the best old people of the old school".

Representative plays: selling paintings to split the door, walking through the snow, revenge, burning the bowl, turning three heads, three drops of blood, Zhou Wen to send the girl, youguishan, flame horse, etc.

Personal contribution

Details

: member of the Communist Party of China, member of the all China Federation of literary and art circles, consultant of Shaanxi Branch of China Dramatists Association, vice chairman of Xi'an Federation of literary and art circles, art consultant of Xi'an Yisu society. Liu Yuzhong is a highly respected, accomplished and accomplished performing artist in the Qin opera circle. Over the past 70 years, he has made great contributions to the inheritance and development of Qin opera. Until he was over 80 years old, he was still fighting unremittingly for the development of Qinqiang art, worthy of being an immortal pine in Qinqiang art garden.

Personal experience

Liu Yuzhong, whose name is Xiushan, was born on October 11, 1896 (22nd year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty) in fanliu village, Yujin street, Lintong County, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province. He worked as a farmer since he was a child. At the age of 14, he worked as an apprentice in the grocery store of Yujin Town, Lintong city. Influenced by his father Liu Lijie (the stage name is carpenter Hong, the famous Xusheng), he loved drama very much. In the winter of 1912, when he was 16 years old, he was admitted to Shaanxi Yisuling society to study art and became the second student of the society. As a result of his hard work and perseverance, he soon became a famous actor in Qin opera. Liu Yuzhong is known as the leader of Xusheng in Qinqiang opera.

Personal creation

He has performed more than 100 plays of this play, and has been praised by the audience for more than 20 masterpieces. He has created many vivid artistic images with different personalities. Lao Sheng's plays include Liu Ziming in the plan of burning bowls, Bai Maolin in selling paintings to split doors, Cao Fu in walking snow, Liu Bei in revenge, Cheng Ying in Bayi, Zhou Renrui in three drops of blood; Zheng Sheng's plays include Wu Chengen in Chunqiu Bi, Wu Zixu in chutangyi, Xu Da in chuanlongzhu; and Xiao Sheng's plays Zhou Ren in HuiFu Mr. Liu Yiping, an artist, said that Liu Yuzhong's "Zhou Ren Hui Fu" made him admire a play, especially Shi Dakai, a historical play "Han BAOYING" written by Yisu society. In the "defeat of Daduhe", he inherited the traditional skills of relying on Jia opera of Qin opera, and absorbed the martial arts routines of Beijing opera, which created a new way for the martial arts skills of Qin opera . When he played Xiang Yu, the overlord of Chu, in Yin taoniang, he used the characteristics of Hongsheng's business, absorbed the singing and frame of Hualian, and made great reform and innovation in makeup, beard and clothing. He was famous in Xi'an and was once known as "living overlord". As a result of his decades of hard work and continuous improvement, he not only developed the performing art of Qin opera, but also created his own unique artistic style, which was deeply appreciated by the masses. Many art masters in our country give high evaluation to his performance. Mei Lanfang wrote poems for him, Ouyang Yuqian wrote poems for him, Xun Huisheng painted for him twice, and Ma Lianliang called him "one of the best old students of the declining school". His performance style has greatly influenced the younger generation of his peers. In the field of Qin opera art, it can be said that it has been the leader for 70 years.

Bumpy Road

Artists in the past have always experienced many uneven roads and achieved great success with superhuman efforts and sweat. Liu Lao was a beginner in drama. He was old, tough and had a poor voice. In terms of conditions, he was not very good. Even his father thought he was not a good material, so he was ignored. At first, he was mostly a supporting actor, such as a court official and a Yamen servant. However, he has a passion for art and is not discouraged by the poor conditions. He works hard to make up for his clumsiness and climb the peak of art.

Personage introduction

At that time, the curriculum arrangement of Yisu society was very heavy. Every day, starting at dawn, students practiced and rehearsed, had cultural lessons at breakfast at nine o'clock, had cultural lessons after lunch, performed matinee at noon, practiced after lunch at four o'clock, and performed in the evening. The students themselves had no free time for activities. Under such a tense arrangement, Mr. Liu worked hard in class, and used all available time to hone his basic skills, never relaxing himself. Leg is the basis of basic skills. If leg skills are not good, we can't practice other basic skills well. Especially for him, a 16-year-old student of drama, it was very difficult. He often told himself that "ten times for a man, one hundred times for a man". He brought himself problems and difficulties. The teacher said that his body frame was not good-looking and the night was quiet. He practiced under the moon to check whether his body frame met the requirements of the teacher. Because of the lack of Taibu skills, he went out to perform, followed the bullock cart to practice Taibu, and made a comeback. The eyes are dull and dull. They practice with incense at night and the sun at noon. Target skill, spear playing and broadsword dancing never stop. In order to practice his hair, beard, sword and kneeling step, he studied "going up the coal mountain". All winter long, he knelt in the yard before dawn, and his knees were peeled several times. His extraordinary perseverance and sweat finally made him achieve excellent results in basic skills, which laid a solid foundation for him to become a civil and military actor. Although the basic skills have achieved good results, they have not yet attracted the attention of teachers. They are still in the "bamboo root" list and cannot play an important role in rehearsal. Instead of complaining, he secretly made up his mind to study art meticulously. When the teacher rehearses, he never leaves the rehearsal field. The teacher's heart to heart dictation, he keeps his heart in mind and practices when he has time. His father went to the Yisu society to teach, and gave his classmate Fu Xingmin "selling paintings to split the door". He stole scriptures and learned arts, but Fu didn't learn it, but he did. Even his father didn't expect it, and asked him to tell Fu drama. At that time, Li Yunting, a famous Xusheng, mainly taught Xusheng in the Yisu society, focusing on Zuo Xingmin, Yang Qihua, Yan Zhenguo, Tian Yangmin, etc. Li's masterpieces "Jieshu", "runaway", "Shayi", "ningwuguan" and "visiting prison" were taught to these people, but it was not his turn. But he secretly learned this play, and he continued to drill hard, and finally improved his acting skills. In 1915, Li tongxuan's new Southern Song Dynasty patriotic drama hero's tears was rehearsed by Li Yunting, and Yan Zhenguo played the leading role of Wei xiashao, the county magistrate. Liu likes this role very much. During the rehearsal, he watched carefully and watched the meeting from the side. After Yan's performance, he is still pondering the role while watching. Once, Yan was unable to perform for some reason, so he volunteered to perform for Yan. Teachers and students were in the mood of Huaining, but "Kung Fu is as good as those who want to". He was outstanding as expected, and achieved great success and won praise from all sides. On one occasion, Zuo Xingmin's Ningwu pass was missed for some reason. Liu immediately put on his make-up. Although he hadn't rehearsed it, he had already learned it secretly and knew it well. After he went on the stage, he didn't panic and was proficient. At that time, Chen Yuhong was nicknamed "coach of courage" and cheered for him. Li Yunting praised him even more. He regretted that he had not found this talent before, and immediately listed him as the key point. He soon taught him the play Huo Guang HuiFu, and then, together with Chen yunnong, he taught him the play Zhou Ren HuiFu, which was created by Li and Chen according to the transplanting of bowl cavity. After Li Yunting's personal teaching, Liu's skills improved by leaps and bounds, which made people look at him with new eyes. Writers and directors have asked him to play the leading role, such as an Xuehai in Gao Peizhi's new children's heroes, Xu Hanshan in snatching brocade tower, Dai Yin in fan Zidong's soft jade screen, Zheng Quanzhen in Li tongxuan's one character prison, and so on. In particular, Shi Dakai in Han Baoying, Yu Shun in Da Xiao Zhuan, Xiang Yu in Yin taoniang and Li Bai in Shuangzhu PA are popular among the masses. In 1921, he went to Hankou to perform, which was praised by Ouyang Yuqian. In 1924, Lu Xun came to Xi'an to give lectures. He watched his performances several times, expressed satisfaction with his acting skills, and praised him as "promising, promising."

achievement

Liu Lao is not only a performing artist of Qinqiang opera, but also a diligent gardener in the cause of Qinqiang opera art education. Before he left the society, he began to cultivate students. Most of the students who were later than him were taught and influenced by him, such as Meng Guanghua, Xu Zhengguo, Gao Xizhong, Zhao Zhuguo and Geng Shanmin. Luo Binghua's zhourenhuifu, zhanjingtang, Jiang Nengyi's sacrifice to the spirit and erqijian were all under Liu's specific guidance.

honor

During his leadership of the Qin Zhong society and the Xinsheng society, he cultivated two talents