Yuan Baoju

Yuan Baoju

Yuan Baoju, Emperor Wen of the Western Wei Dynasty

(507-551, March 28), Zi Ming, born in Luoyang, Henan Province, is a Han nationality of Xianbei. The founding emperor of the Western Wei Dynasty, the grandson of Yuanhong, Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, and the son of Yuanyu, King Lintao, whose mother is Princess Yang Ao.

He has a strong personality. His father Yuan Yu started his army in Jizhou and died of defeat. His brothers and sisters were captured and imprisoned in Zongzheng temple. After emperor Xiaoming ascended the throne, he regained his freedom and became a member of the imperial clan. He was appointed as a general of Zhige at the beginning, and was granted the title of marquis Shao. He paid homage to Taiwei and Shizhong, and became the king of Nanyang. In the second year of Yongxi (533), Taibao, shangshuling and Kaifu Yitong were promoted. Emperor Xiaowu yuan Xiu broke with his powerful Minister Gao Huan and became the commander of the Chinese army. He escorted emperor Xiaowu to Chang'an and worshipped Tai Zai. After emperor Xiaowu yuanxiu was killed, he was formally promoted to the throne by Yu Wentai. He established the Western Wei Dynasty with the age of Datong, and the military and state affairs were handled by Yu Wentai.

In 551, he died of illness. At the age of 45, he was buried in Yongling. His posthumous title was Wen. He was succeeded by the crown prince Yuan Qin.

Life of the characters

Early experience

Yuan Baoju was born in the fourth year of Zhengshi (507). He was the grandson of Yuan Hong, Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the son of Yuan Yu, King Jingzhao, and his mother, Yang aofei. In the first year of Yongping (508), Yuanyu claimed that Gao Zhao, the Minister of power, planned to kill Yuanke, Emperor Xuanwu, so he rebelled and became emperor in Jizhou. Soon, Yuan Yu was defeated, captured and hanged himself. Yang aofei was also executed after she gave birth to Yuan Mingyue (Princess of the plain). Yuan Baoju, his brother yuan Baoyue, Yuan Baohui, yuan Baozhang (yuan Baoming) and his sister yuan Mingyue were all imprisoned in Zongzheng temple. In the fourth year of Yanchang (515), Emperor Xuanwu pardoned them and soon regained their freedom and became a member of the clan.

During Zhengguang period, yuanbaoju served as the general of Zhige. At that time, Emperor Xiaoming of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Yuan Xu, was in power, and queen xuanwuling was in charge of Regency. Yuan Baoju and Emperor Xiaoming conspired to kill these crafty people. As a result, the matter was leaked and he was dismissed.

Wu Tai years, Shao County marquis. Yongan three years (530 years), into the Nanyang king. In the first year of Yongxi (532), Emperor Xiaowu of the Northern Wei Dynasty ascended the throne and appointed yuanbaoju as a Taiwei and a servant. In the second year of Yongxi (533), he was promoted to Taibao, Kaifu and Shangshu.

In the third year of Yongxi reign (534), Emperor Xiaowu broke with his powerful Minister Gao Huan and took yuanbaoju as the commander of the central army. Gao Huan led his troops to the south of Jinyang, and Emperor Xiaowu led them to Guanzhong to join yuwentai. Gao Huan established yuan Shanjian, the son of Yuanyu, the king of Qinghe, as emperor. He moved his capital from Luoyang to Yecheng, which is known as the Eastern Wei Dynasty in history. From then on, the Northern Wei Dynasty was officially divided into the eastern and Western Wei. Yuan Baoju entered the pass with emperor Xiaowu, and was granted the title of emperor rentaizai and Lushang. Emperor Xiaowu's boudoir was rude, and her cousin yuan Mingyue was greatly favored and granted the title of Princess of the plain. The Prime Minister Yu Wentai made yuan's Kings kill yuan Mingyue. Emperor Xiaowu resented this. In December of the same year, Yu Wentai killed emperor Xiaowu. Many ministers praised the establishment of emperor Xiaowu's brother Guangping, Wang yuanzan. Wang Yuanshun of Puyang advised Yu Wentai not to follow Gao Huan's example to establish the young master's dictatorship, but to do the opposite and support him. Yuwentai then supported yuanbaoju as emperor, and yuanbaoju gave way three times.

Ascend to the throne as Emperor

On the first day of the first month of the first year of Datong (535), yuanbaoju was the emperor. The title of yuanbaoju was changed to Datong. It was Emperor Wen of the Western Wei Dynasty. His father Yuan Yu was Emperor Wen Jing, and his mother Yang was empress Wen Jing.

On the second day of the first month, Yu Wentai, Prime Minister of Jin Dynasty and Duke of Lueyang, became the governor of all the Chinese and foreign armies, Lu Shangshu Shi and Da Xingtai, and was renamed Duke of Anding county. In order to Shangshu Shuling Hu Sichun as Taibao, Guangping Wang yuanzan as situ. On Yimao day of the first month, the imperial concubine Yifu (Queen Yifu) was appointed as the queen and the eldest son Yuanqin as the crown prince.

On the 17th of the first month, Wang Yuanxin of Guangling was appointed as Taifu, Yitong was appointed as the third secretary, and Wanshou was appointed as Sikong. When yuan Baoju was in power, the power belonged to Yu Wentai. Yuan Baoju handed over the power and maintained a delicate relationship with Yu Wentai.

No choice but to abandon

At that time, Rouran was powerful, which posed a great threat to the Western Wei Dynasty. Yu Wentai advised yuanbaoju to take the daughter of Khan anagui, the head soldier of Rouran, as the queen and marry Rouran. Yuan Baoju's wife Yi Fu is thrifty. She usually wears old clothes and eats vegetables. She never adorns Zhuyu LUOQI. She is benevolent and has no jealousy. The emperor and empress are very affectionate. Yuwentai urged yuanbaoju to plan for the country.

In February of the fourth year of Datong (538), yuanbaoju had no choice but to abolish Yifu's family, so he was forced to live in another palace and became a nun. In March, Yu jiulu, Princess Rouran, was made queen. Yu jiulu's temperament is very jealous and dissatisfied. Yi Fu's family still lives in the capital. Yuan Baoju had no choice but to send Wang Yuanwu, the capital of Wu, as the governor of Qinzhou, to the town with his mother Yi Fu. Even so, yuanbaoju still kept in mind Yifu's family and ordered Yifu's family to raise her hair in secret, with the intention of returning it. There is no one who knows the secret of the Forbidden Palace.

In the spring of the sixth year of Datong (540), Rouran once again invaded the South on a large scale. Many people think that this is because of the Yifu family. Yuan Baoju had no choice but to say, "how can there be such a thing as recruiting millions of people for a woman? Even so, but if people say such words, what else can I look like to see the general? " He suffered a lot and ordered Yi Fu to commit suicide. Yifu cried and said, "may the emperor live thousands of years and the world be safe. If all this can be realized, I will have no resentment when I die!" After that, Yi Fu entered the room and died by pressing himself with a quilt at the age of 31. Chisel Maiji cliff for niche and burial, No. silent mausoleum. Empress Wen and Yuan Baoju were buried together in Yongling.

In the same year, Yu jiulu was pregnant and waiting to give birth. He lived in Yaohua hall and was very unhappy when he heard the barking of the dog. Another woman came to her residence dressed up. Yu jiulu asked others who the woman was, but they didn't see anyone around, so some people thought she saw the ghost of Yi Fu. Soon after, Yu jiulu died of dystocia. He was only 16 years old and was buried in Shaolingyuan. Later, he was buried in Yongling, with the posthumous title of mourning the queen.

He died in his old age

Yuan Baoju died in Qian'an hall on March 6, the 17th year of Datong (March 28, 551) at the age of 45. In April of the same year, he was buried in Yongling (now North of dazhongbao, Hejia village, Liugu Township, Fuping County, Shaanxi Province), with the title of Emperor Wen. After his death, the crown prince Yuan Qin succeeded to the throne.

Main achievements

After yuan Baoju ascended the throne, he appointed Yu Wentai as his commander in charge of all military affairs at home and abroad, and recorded books. The military and political power was actually controlled by Yu Wentai, but yuan Baoju could cooperate with Yu Wentai tacitly.

During Yuan Baoju's reign, the Eastern Wei and the Western Wei exchanged views, and wars continued, and the Western Wei's Treasury was empty. But Yuwen Tai can take note of internal reform, and in the 535 year (the first year of the unification year), he appointed Su Chuo to reform and set up account and registered residence system. In order to ensure the national income, the imperial edicts were issued, such as "civilizing the people, making the best use of the land and equalizing the land".

In 550 (the 16th year of the great unification), the military reform was carried out and the government soldier system was carried out, which made the combat effectiveness of the Western Wei army stronger and stronger. He also paid attention to improving the relationship between Xianbei aristocracy and Han landlord class, so that the rule of the Western Wei Dynasty became more and more stable, and the national strength could gradually compete with that of the Eastern Wei Dynasty. Yu Wentai advocated the marriage between Xianbei and Han people and the Sinicization of clothing, so as to achieve domestic and border peace and consolidate the rule of the Western Wei Dynasty.

Historical evaluation

Wei Shou "Wei Shu": "frivolous thin line, delay sex."

Li Yanshou's "northern history": ① when the emperor was strong and began to be a Taiwei, Gao long, the Minister of the imperial court, relied on the Party of Gao Huan, the Bohai king, to visit Gongqing. Because of the guild, the emperor dissuaded him from drinking wine and beat him in anger. He scolded and said, "how dare you be a soldier!" Emperor Xiaowu, in order to enjoy the past, exempts emperor Taiwei. Return to the first, life feather forest guard, more than a month reset. He Huan will bury his father instead, and the imperial court will present him to the grand master, and all the officials will pay homage to him. The emperor was unyielding and said, "an Yousheng's three princes worship and present to the grand master!" Among them, Zhou and Daquan returned. You can enjoy the sight of cuo'e mountain, because you say, "it's like taking off your shoes. If I were 50 years old, I would appoint the imperial palace to look for mountain bait and medicine. I can't do it in a day. " Even before the end of the Universiade, he was able to protect tianluyun. " (2) "Emperor Wen, with his strong character, eventually protected the female."

Family members

grandparent

Grandfather: Yuanhong, Emperor Xiaowen.

Grandmother: Yuan Guiren.

parent

Father: Yuanyu. After yuanbaoju succeeded to the throne, he was named emperor Wenjing.

Mother: concubine Yang aofei, with the word Wanzhen, was granted the title of empress Wenjing after yuanbaoju succeeded to the throne.

brothers and sisters

Yuan Baoyue, the king of Lintao and brother yuanbaoju, married the granddaughter of Xiao Ying, the Xianwang of Linchuan in the Southern Qi Dynasty.

Yuan Baohui, the king of Lintao, is the elder brother of yuan Baoju, whose son is yuan Zhao, the young leader of the Northern Wei Dynasty.

Yuanbaozhang, whose mother's epitaph is yuanbaoming, yuanbaoju's younger brother.

Yuan Mingyue, the princess of the plain, yuan Baoju.

Empress

The Yifu family, Queen Yifu and empress Wen, gave birth to 12 children for yuanbaoju. Most of them died early. Only the abandoned emperor Yuanqin and Wudu king Yuanwu survived.

Yu jiulu, Queen of mourning, Princess Rouran.

children

Son

Eldest son: Emperor Yuanqin, mother Yifu, Queen.

Second son: Jin Wang Yuanjin, whose mother is unknown.

Third son: Wudu king Yuanwu, mother Yifu queen.

Fourth son: Gongdi yuankuo, whose mother is unknown.

Five sons: Liang Wang Yuanjian, whose birth mother is unknown.

Liu Zi: Zhao Wang Yuanning, whose biological mother is unknown.

Seven sons: Yuan Ru, king of Yan, whose mother is unknown.

Eight sons: Duke yuan, king of Wu, whose mother is unknown.

Jiuzi: Wang Yuan style in Yidu, whose mother is unknown.

daughter

Princess Jinming, whose mother is unknown, married to Wei chijun.

Princess Anle, whose mother is unknown, married Prince Bi of Xianyang county.

Jin'an princess, Yuan humo, whose mother is unknown, is married to yuwentai's son, beizhou Xiaomin, Emperor yuwenjue.

Princess Yiyang, whose birth mother is unknown, married Duke Dou Zhao of Julu County.

Guangning princess, the third daughter, unknown birth mother, married in the instrument.

Princess, title and birth mother are unknown, married yuwentai's son Wuyi Duke yuwenzhen.

The princess, whose title and birth mother are unknown, married to Xinxian, the Duke of Baitu county.

Commemoration of later generations

Yongling is Emperor Wen of the Western Wei Dynasty