Sima Lang

Sima Lang

Sima Lang (171-217), a native of Wenxian County, Hanoi Prefecture, was one of the "Sima Bada" statesmen in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Sima Lang was very insightful when he was young. During the turmoil in the late Han Dynasty, he was ordered by his father to lead his family to flee from Dong Zhuo, and then moved to Liyang, successfully avoiding the war. After Cao Cao took the post of Sikong, Sima Lang was appointed a subordinate official of Sikong, and successively held the posts of chenggaoling, tangyangchang, yuanchengling, Prime Minister's chief officer, Yanzhou governor, etc. all of them had political achievements and were deeply loved by the people. After that, Sima Lang, XiahouDun, Zang Ba and so on conquered the state of Wu and arrived at Juchao. There was a plague in the army. Sima Lang personally went to inspect and sent medicine. As a result, he fell ill and finally died at the age of 47. After his death, Yanzhou people miss him very much.

Life of the characters

Early experience

Sima family is a family of Hanoi in the late Han Dynasty. Sima Lang's grandfather, Sima JunGuan, went to Yingchuan Prefecture. His father, Sima Fang, served as a local official when he was young. He successively served as Luoyang commander and Jing Zhaoyin. When he was old, he became a captains of riding. He was very strict with Sima brothers. He said, "if you don't order, you can't enter. If you don't order, you can't sit. If you don't ask questions, you can't say anything". When father and son get along, they are very serious. When Sima Lang was nine years old, when a guest called his father directly, Sima Lang said to the man, "to despise other people's parents is to disrespect one's own parents." The guest apologized for it. In 182, when Sima Lang was 12 years old, he passed the Confucian classics examination and became a boy. However, the invigilator at that time thought Sima Lang was tall and strong. He doubted his age and questioned him. Sima Lang replied: "my family has been very tall for generations. Although I am young and weak, I don't have the habit of rushing for quick success and instant benefits to climb to the top. Therefore, I lied about my age in order to achieve early success in my official career. This is not what I am determined to do in my life." Therefore, the inspector felt that Sima Lang's character and ability were really different from ordinary people.

Leaving Dong to return home

In the first year of Chuping (190), Dong Zhuo entered Luoyang, and the army of the States and counties in Guandong fought against Dong Zhuo. Li Shao, the former governor of Jizhou, lived in yewang and wanted to move to Wenxian county to avoid the disaster of war. Sima Lang thought that yewang and Wenxian county were in fact dead and toothless. Moreover, Li Shao, bearing the expectations of the people of the prefecture, evaded first. I'm afraid that it would cause the people's feelings and riots in the counties along the mountain. But Li Shao didn't listen to his words. As expected, local people were in chaos, and Wen County was also looted. Later, Dong Zhuo moved his son to Chang'an with him. Sima Fang was the censor and should move to the West together. Because of the outbreak of war, Sima Fang asked his eldest son Sima Lang to take his family back to Wenxian. However, someone reported that Sima Lang wanted to escape, so the army caught him and went to see Dong Zhuo. Dong Zhuo said to Sima Lang, "you are the same age as my dead son. Why do you want to betray me?" Sima Lang replied: "the Duke of the Ming Dynasty assisted the emperor in the chaos of the world with his merits and virtues, cleared away the eunuch's profligacy, and recommended many sages. This is really modest and thoughtful, and will soon become the rule of rejuvenating the country. However, with the grand ceremony and great achievements of Weide, the war became more and more serious. The local states and counties were boiling like a cauldron. Even in the suburbs of the capital, the people could not settle down and work, so they had to abandon their homes and properties and flee in exile. Although the ban has been set up at the four corners of the border and heavy punishment has been imposed on killing, it can not stop the trend of fleeing. That's why I want to go back to my hometown. I hope that the Ming Dynasty doll can learn from it and reflect on it a little bit. Then his reputation can be as glorious as the sun and the moon, and Yiyin and Duke Zhou can't be compared. " After hearing this, Dong Zhuo was very satisfied and said, "I also have this feeling. What you said is very reasonable." Although Sima Lang deceived Dong Zhuo with a pretext for the time being, he also knew that Dong Zhuo would be defeated. Fearing that he would be left behind, he bribed the officials around Dong Zhuo and went back to his hometown secretly. After returning to Wenxian County, Sima Lang suggested to his parents and elders that Hanoi county is adjacent to the capital city, and the war between Dong Zhuo and Kanto would surely spread here. This place would become a place with frequent wars in troubled times. It's better to go to liyang to take refuge with Zhao weisun, the village in law who is in charge of the army, while the road is still open, and then observe the situation. But the elders are nostalgic, unwilling to follow Sima Lang to leave their hometown, only Zhao Zi with his family and Sima Lang go together. A few months later, hundreds of thousands of soldiers were mobilized in the counties of Guandong. The troops were all gathered in Xingyang and Hanoi. Because the heroes had their own ghosts, it was difficult for them to unite. Therefore, some soldiers plundered the local people, causing more than half of the people's deaths and injuries. After that, the Kanto alliance was disbanded. In the first year of Xingping (195), Cao Cao, the governor of Yanzhou, confronted Lv Bu, who seized his territory in Puyang. Sima Lang brought his family back to Wen County. When there was a famine and the people ate each other, Sima Lang took care of the clan and taught them instead of his father. Therefore, the family did not wither because of the decline of the world.

Join Cao Cao

When Sima Lang was twenty-two years old, Sima Lang was appointed by Cao Cao as the subordinate of Sima lang. later, Sima Lang was appointed as the magistrate of Chenggao county. However, he left his post because of illness, and later he was reinstated as the magistrate of Tangyang county. Sima Lang's administration was quite lenient, and he did not use a whip and staff, and the people did not violate the criminal law. At that time, some people in the county migrated to the capital. Later, the county enlisted people to serve in shipbuilding. The people who moved away were afraid that Sima Lang was short of manpower, so they invited each other to come back to help each other in private. Sima Lang was so loved by the people. After that, he was transferred to yuanchengling. After the 13th year of Jian'an (208), Sima Lang was appointed prime minister by Cao Cao. Sima Lang believes that the chaotic times in the late Han Dynasty was due to the abolition of the system of five rank titles (Gong, Hou, Bo, Zi, Nan) in the Qin Dynasty, and the fact that the local prefectures did not train their troops for war. Although there is no need to restore the five rank titles now, it can enable the local prefectures to summon standing soldiers, which can not only resist the invasion of foreign nationalities, but also intimidate the disorderly officials, which can be used as a countermeasure for long-term stability. Sima Lang also believed that the system of minefield should be restored. In the past, the people had owned land from generation to generation, and it was difficult to redistribute it after expropriation. Now, in troubled times, the people are displaced and the land is ownerless, so it is just the time to take the opportunity to restore the system of minefield. Although Sima Lang's suggestion was not adopted and implemented, the policy of local state and county leaders was originally from Sima Lang's opinion.

Serve as an assassin

Later, Sima Lang moved to be the governor of Yanzhou. He carried out many policies, which were praised by the people. When Sima Lang was in the army, he also wore simple clothes and ate coarse food. He set an example to promote the frugality. He liked the classics of human relations very much, and the villagers such as Li Xiang enjoyed a high reputation, but Sima Lang often publicly belittled their virtue. Later, if Li Xiang and others were really defeated, people at that time were convinced of Sima Lang's judgment. At that time, Zhong Yao, Wang can and others said: "only saints can have peace and rule the world." Sima Lang said: "although Yiyin and Yanhui are not saints, their moral statements have been passed down from generation to generation among the people. If they are deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, they can also achieve peace and rule the world." Cao Pi liked Sima Lang's words very much. After he became emperor, he ordered his secretary to record his articles. In the 22nd year of Jian'an (217), Sima Lang followed Xia Houdun, Zang Ba and others to fight in the eastern Wu Dynasty. When he arrived at Juchao, there was a serious epidemic among the soldiers. Sima Lang personally inspected the soldiers' condition and gave them medicine, but he was infected with the disease and died at the age of 47. He left his last words and said, "the governor was very kind to the state, but he failed to do anything. He was caught in this epidemic and could not help himself and failed to live up to the state's kindness. After the body is gone, its cloth clothes and scarves should be collected to suit the time. Don't go against my will. " After his death, Yanzhou people miss him very much. After Wei Ming emperor ascended the throne, Sima Lang, the son of Sima Lang, was granted the title of Marquis of Changwu Pavilion. There were 100 households in the city. Sima Fu, Sima Lang's younger brother, adopted his son Sima Wang to Sima lang. after Sima Yi died, Sima Hong, Sima Wang's son, inherited him.

Character evaluation

Chen Shou: "since the Han Dynasty, the prefectures of the governor's office have been entrusted with administration, not just as if they had been investigated in the past. Taizu foundation, until the end of the Wei industry, this is its current reputation, there are real name also. It's very clear that he has a good command of events, and he has written both Wei and en. Therefore, he has been able to sweep away thousands of Li, and he can see the following

Family members

Related research

In the annals of the Three Kingdoms, it is recorded that "in the 22nd year of simalang, Taizu established sikonghe as his family", while "in the 22nd year of Jian'an (217) When Sima Lang was ill and died, he was 47 years old. Pan Mei's opinion in the textual research of the annals of the Three Kingdoms is: "in the first year of Jian'an, Taizu worshipped Sikong and created Lang as Sikong. Lang was 22 years old. He died in the 22nd year of Jian'an at the age of 43 In fact, both of them are isolated evidence. Pan Mei said that he believed the former and denied the latter. If so, Sima Fang (born and died 149-219 years old) got his eldest son Sima Lang at the age of 26. In the first year of Chuping (190 years old), Sima Lang brought his people back home when he was 15 or 16 years old, and went through such things as persuading Li Shao and Dong Zhuo to be put on trial. In the first year of Chuping (190), Sima Lang took his people back to his hometown as a 20-year-old (imaginary year old) and went through such things as persuading Li Shao and Dong Zhuo to bring them to trial. Therefore, "Sima Lang" was 47 years old when he was ill and died. " It is a relatively reasonable choice. As for the reasons for the revision of the previous article "22": "according to the records of the book of Jin, Sima Yi became an official in the sixth year of Jian'an (201), and was appointed as Shangji in Hanoi Prefecture. according to the book of the later Han Dynasty (Fengguan), we should take Xiaolian as an example and accept it first if we don't show our elder brother's position. Can push Sima Lang out