Zhou Dawu

Zhou Dawu

Zhou Dawu, named Mengxiong (1813-1895), is a famous general of Hunan army. He was born in Datun camp, Ningxiang County, Hunan Province. His son Zhu Jianfan is a famous Chinese educator. His granddaughter Zhu Zhongli is Wang Jiaxiang's wife and Mao Zedong's health care doctor. The original surname of Zhou Dawu clan is Zhu, a descendant of King Ji in the late Ming Dynasty. After the Qing soldiers entered the pass, they changed their surname to Zhou. Now some local people have restored their surnames.

Life of the characters

Zhou Da joined the Hunan army in the fourth year of Xianfeng in Wuqing Dynasty,

Zhou Dawu's Calligraphy

Zhou Dawu was named Mengxiong (1827-1894), Weichen, Changsha, Ningxiang, Hunan, and governor of Shu. Gongshi, good at calligraphy, master Yan Zhenqing, Yuxin Fanlong temple, Xuexue hall, friendly. He died 68 years ago. Yizhou calligraphy and painting record sequel

The calligraphy of tiger is now collected by Professor Mao Quanzhou of Hunan Institute of technology.

Main achievements

In the inscription, Zhou Dawu answers a question from a guest and describes his experience of winning: "if a guest has asked a question, he says that he will know the situation of the barbarians when he is pacifying the land. Yu said that there are three difficulties and three conveniences in the treatment of foreigners. Jiannan in the mountains, the steep road is extremely dangerous, full cocoon difficult step. Hard one. In the wild, he was familiar with the strange scriptures. He was good at kneading apes and climbing like walking on the ground. He often used sheep's skin to wrap food for several days. He was strong in strength and light in battle. Two difficulties. The land is vast, and the cocoons are scattered, so it is impossible to gather and annihilate. If you lose, the rabbit will fall off, and if you win, the bee will be garrisoned. He is good at attacking the whole, attacking the tired, and riding the retreat. He often uses dozens of people to defeat thousands of people. Three difficulties. However, there are few real estate in the mountains, and they don't harvest when they are one year old. If they make progress in early summer and harvest buckwheat in late autumn, they will be discouraged first. If they are discouraged and attack, they will win completely. Guangxu 20 years (1894) plus Shangshu title. Gongshi, good at calligraphy, master Yan Zhenqing, Yuxin Fanlong temple, Xuexue hall, friendly. He died 68 years ago. He is the author of two volumes of "a brief introduction to the military discipline" (Changsha mouyuan is his former residence, where Chen Yinke, a great master of Chinese culture, was born).

Main works

"Ascending Jiayuguan and preface"

The belt of mountains and rivers is limited to the East and West, and the Yellow River flows to the south.

It's a half hero in the ancient tomb beside the road.

Yuan Sheng, the founder of Yuan Dynasty, killed Lu long.

The past can not bear to listen to the turret, cangya day Hao dark.

Historical records

Zhou Dawu is a native of Ningxiang, Hunan Province. In the fourth year of Xianfeng, he enlisted in Li Xubin's camp, and from keyuezhou and Wuchang, he was promoted to garrison. Zhanhukou, jindusi. When Dawu was trapped in battle, he held a big flag and continued to fight with other soldiers. He led hundreds of soldiers and called them xinziying, which was often the front of the army. Eight years, Ke Huang an, promote guerrillas, give Hualing. From Xubin attack Shucheng, Dawu lead the dead to ascend first, left ear gunshot wound, after conquering the city, stay. Russia continued to cover the three rivers, Shucheng garrison also collapsed, Da Wu returned to Hunan. In the ninth year, shidakai besieged Baoqing. Governor Luo Bingzhang ordered Dawu to recruit five hundred soldiers, who were called Zhangwu army. He helped Baoqing from the magistrate Liu yuezhao and defended Dongguan. He repeatedly refused to fight against thieves. To encircle, to promote the general. Ten years later, he assisted Guangxi, conquered Chuanping ancient city and Liantang bandit base, restored Hexian County, promoted deputy general and increased the rank of general. Shi Dakai broke the Yongming and zheshe cards in the Party branch, and even broke them to promote the commander in chief. In the 11th year of the reign of emperor Hui, all the soldiers conquered together and stole away Hubei and trapped Laifeng. In the spring of the first year of Tongzhi, Liu yuezhao conquered it and granted the second grade canon.

Luo Bingzhang supervised Sichuan Province and dispatched Da Wu to suppress it. When Zhou Shaoyong arrived in Fuzhou, the chieftain of the bandits fled from Daning to Shaanxi, reached the narrow mouth of Wujian, and was in the middle of the two mountains. Li Huiwu, the commander of the bandits, went beyond the danger. The bandits broke away and chased him to Anji field in Dazhu. They captured Shaoyong and his party Wu Chongli, and sent him to Chengdu to kill him. They were named Zhiyong batulu. He broke Guo Dao in Dayi village of Yilong, killed his younger brother Zhan Biao and valiant party Ma Yuyin, ran to dingshanpu of Bazhou, captured Dao Dao, and the rest of the party fell. Shao Yong and Dao Dao were both drama thieves in Sichuan, and even Xiping was awarded the title of commander in chief of Jianchang Town, Sichuan Province, plus the title of governor. Two years, nursing supervisor.

Chen Decai, a bandit from Guangdong Province, surrounded Hanzhong with a number of 100000. Shi Dakai also went from Gaoxian county to Ningyuan, causing a great earthquake in Sichuan. Dawu raised an additional 4000 troops to fight guerrillas. In the third year, Liang Fucheng, the party that got the talent, and Cai Changling, the bandit of Hechuan, fled from Hanzhong to Jiezhou of Gansu Province, and reached Wuyi. Taking suppression as a defense, they led their troops across the border to conquer the bandits in jiangdongshui and yanjiawan. In order to attack Jiezhou, we took Taishan cave to the root of the city, sent out mines and collapsed the city. We selected 400 frontiers to enter first, followed by a large army. Then we conquered Jiezhou and killed Fucheng and Changling. He was named as governor and awarded Zhenlai. Songpan rebelled against fan, and was granted the title of governor of Guizhou. He still stayed in Chongqing to defend the border of Yunnan. Five years later, the bandits in Mabian hall were suppressed, and the bandit leaders song Shijie and Xiong Wencai were killed.

In the sixth year, the bandits fled to Shaanxi, Zuo Zongtang consulted, dispatched and suppressed them, and Li Huiwu led 3000 people to Shaanxi. In the seventh year of the Qing Dynasty, the barbarians came to puxiong and went to kexichang to cross the nest of the barbarians. After thousands of barbarians were killed, they were given the Yellow mandarin jacket and the Jin name was boqibatulu. In the ninth year, Zhao went to Guizhou to serve as a governor, leading 6000 people to go along the route of pingmiaozhai. First of all, the army of suppressing bandits and relying on foreigners in Guizhou Province was unable to control the enemy when it was a hundred li away from the provincial capital. Dawu and the governor proposed to increase the number of recruits to 30000. They were divided into two posts: Zhan Shou, from Longli to Kaidu, cutting off the upstream and downstream thieves into two, restoring Duyun, and dividing the army into Yongning and Weining. Ten years later, Zhong Kailan was sent to conquer dozens of villages in gaoshuitang and other places in Maha Prefecture; he Shihua was sent to break the Yue bandit Li Wencai and Miao chieftain Li Gaojiao in Duyun and Dushan, recover bazhai and Sanjiao cities, conquer Zhenning, Guihua, wuxiuhe and banzhuyuan Miao villages, and recover Qingping and Huangping. He began to join the Chu army Xi Baotian. In the 11th year, the Huixi army defeated the Party of Zhang Chou fan, the Miao chieftain, and killed tens of thousands of people. When they reached lengshuigou, they captured the chieftain. The rest of them, Li Gaojiao and Li Wencai, ran to jingpengkan and pursued them in three ways. In Qingping Xianglu mountain, Baotian catches Zhang Chou fan. Miao Jiangping was appointed as the commander of Qidu.

In the first year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, he went back to his hometown. Three years later, he was granted the title of governor of Gansu Province. Ten years later, Wang Lin, the demon people in Suzhou, advocated the uprising, pacified it and killed Wang Lin. Nineteen years, Wanshou celebration, plus Shangshu title. Twenty years later, he died as an official, gave a pension and built a special ancestral temple.

His younger brother, Zhou Kanglu, came from Dawu to suppress bandits in Guangxi and Hunan, and Li Baozhi county. In the first year of Tongzhi, he went to Shu, broke Zhou Shaoyong and promoted him to the prefecture. In four years, he was promoted from Keji prefecture to magistrate. From Guizhou to Guizhou, the prime minister was in charge of business. Eleven years later, the lower reaches of the river were cleaned up and Taoist officials were promoted. Garrison in Pu'an new city to appease the exile. In the 12th year of the reign of emperor Kanglu, the bandits fanned the rebellion, and the pro army of emperor Kanglu begged for it. He was given a bachelor's degree in the cabinet, a senior official in the capital of riding, and a posthumous title of Zhuang Jie.

Later generations of the family

Jin River, one of the four rivers in Ningxiang, flows through Daolin for 25 Li, then through Xiangtan, into Wangcheng, and finally into Xiangjiang River. When Jin River flows through Daolin, it enters Xiangtan in shaotanghe village, Daolin town. Therefore, there is another saying that one river is separated by two counties. Connecting the two places is a stone bridge about 80 meters long and 7 meters wide, all of which are made of gneiss. The bridge deck is wide, straight and majestic. After 100 years, it is still as strong as ever. It is the most complete stone bridge preserved in our county so far. Standing on the bridge deck, in the morning you can see the birds singing and the fish playing in the water, and in the evening you can see the sunset, the red glow and the egrets dancing. The water and the sky are the same color, which makes you feel enchanted.

The initiator of this stone bridge is Zhou Dawu, a famous person in our county. Zhou Dawu, whose original name is Zhu, is a descendant of Zhu Jianjun, the king of Ming Dynasty. It is said that after the death of Ming Dynasty, in order to avoid the pursuit of Qing Dynasty, the descendants of King Ji changed their surname to Zhou and lived in seclusion in Daolin, Ningxiang. They dug coal for a living in Qingxi coal mine (later shuangshiling coal mine) under shuangshiling. Later, they were known by Luo Bingzhang, governor of Hunan, and served under Zuo Zongtang, a famous official of Zhongxing. They made many military contributions and became tiger General of Hunan army. They successively served as chief soldier, Sichuan governor and Guizhou governor The governor of Gansu Province, with the title of Shangshu, has been guarding the northwest frontier for a long time. He died at the age of 82, which can be said to be a distinguished life.

Zhou Dawu was poor when he was a child and did not study. After he developed, he attached great importance to education. In 1877-1894, when he was the governor of Gansu Province in Zhangye, he vigorously advocated education, donated money to run schools, and rewarded the backward. After the Qing Dynasty, Gansu Province, Gansu Province, Gansu Province, Gansu Province, the name of the park was changed The academy has made a special contribution to the cultural and educational undertakings of the region. Now, the fourth middle school of Zhangye, which was developed on the basis of Chende academy, has become a famous school in the northwest of Longyuan. After the completion of the Academy, Zhou Dawu invited celebrities to write couplets. Although the couplets were from others, they expressed Zhou's thoughts and aspirations——

In the past, Yixia house was built to see the water near the building. The plants and plants were fragrant, and they were not able to polish the official trace. They were in vain

Erdos Chunhua shows off and sees the return of the literary world

Although he was born in the army, Zhou Dawu Xi dealt with literati and left a lot of elegant things. According to the records of Huayang County in the Republic of China, when he was the governor of Sichuan, he bought the site of "Zhao Yun's horse washing pool" with thousands of gold, and "still worshipped the pool with a niche". Scholars and celebrities often gathered together to enjoy the lotus boat here. In addition to his military career, Zhou Dawu liked writing and was good at writing "tiger", which became a rare ink treasure and was widely spread. Zhou Dawu's poem "dengjiayuguan" is particularly praiseworthy: "FANGBIAN has built Xiongguan since ancient times, Shengdai has been lying on drums and idling, the wind is blowing, the sea is roaring, the moon is cold, and the sword and halberd ring is in the wasteland." Zhou Dawu wrote this poem when he ascended Jiayuguan in 1886 when he was appointed governor of Shaanxi Province. It is part of the inscriptions in the preface to ascend Jiayuguan. The poem is desolate and unforgettable. It expresses the author's feelings when he ascended the magnificent Jiayuguan. This inscription was written by Huang Ziyuan, the governor of Taiyuan. In addition, Zuo Zongtang's couplet——

Wen Xianglong, Emperor Xi, met Yuanliang alone according to his Zong Li hanyue and Gong Zhuxia. He finished his name by asking Zhongxing how many aheng he had and decided to go to Huadong

Loyal and brave from the natural, all over the South Shuo East and West, sweep the group of fierce to restore unity, the tide of heavy send, long back to the sea, strong I Huang Shu

The elegiac couplet comprehensively summarizes Zuo Zongtang's brilliant and tragic life. From these two