Ying Si

King Huiwen of Qin Dynasty

Ying Si, King Huiwen of Qin Dynasty

From 356 BC to 311 BC, Ying was born in Liyang (now Yanliang District, Shaanxi Province), surnamed Zhao and named Si. During the Warring States period, the king of the state of Qin (338-311 BC) was the son of Qin Xiaogong.

Ying Si ascended the throne at the age of 19, known as "King Huiwen of Qin Dynasty". The clan destroyed Shang Yang and did not abolish his law. In 325 BC, he called himself the king of Qin and became the first king of Qin. During the reign of Qin Dynasty, Zhang Yi, a famous writer, joined the six kingdoms, Gongsun Yan, chulizi, simacuo, Yiqu in the north, Bashu in the west, Hangu in the East, and Shangyu in the south.

Ying Si died in 311 B.C. at the age of 46. His posthumous title was "Huiwen" and he was buried in Gongling.

Life of the characters

Chexie Shangyang

When Ying Si was the crown prince, he once violated the ban. At that time, some people opposed the new law, and the law did not work. Shang Yang said: "the failure of the law lies in the interference of the aristocracy. If the monarch really wants to implement the rule of law, he must start with the prince. If the prince can't be punished with ink, he will punish his master with ink. " In this way, the laws went smoothly, and the state of Qin was better and better, but it offended the prince. When Qin Xiaogong died and the prince ascended the throne, he was very unhappy when he thought of the punishment he had been punished. In addition, at this time, Shang Yang's prestige was very high, and every family knew the method of Shang Jun. King Huiwen had some scruples about Shang Yang, and a group of people, such as childe Qian, took the opportunity to fabricate rumors about Shang Yang's rebellion. Therefore, King Huiwen of Qin sent people to arrest Shang Yang. Shang Yang fled to the fiefdom and attacked Zheng county. He was defeated and killed. King Huiwen of Qin split Shang Yang's body and destroyed his family, consolidating his rights and status.

March eastward to attack Wei

After consolidating his power, Ying Si inherited the will of Xiaogong and went east to attack Wei. In the eighth year of emperor Huiwang of Qin Dynasty (330 BC), the emperor Daliang of Qin State made Gongsun Yan to break the Wei army in Diaoyin (now south of Ganquan County, Shaanxi Province), and Wei gave it to Qin in Hexi. In the ninth year of emperor Huiwang of Qin Dynasty (329 BC), the Qin army attacked the Wei Dynasty and took Fenyang (now southwest of Wanrong County, Shanxi Province) in Hedong, PI (now Hejin County, Shanxi Province) and jiao (now southwest of Sanmenxia City, Henan Province) and Quwo (now Southwest of Sanmenxia City, Henan Province). The next year, the Qin army took advantage of the victory to attack Wei and took Wei Puyang (now Xixian County, Shanxi Province). The state of Wei was forced to cede 15 counties of Shangjun (now the northeast of Shaanxi Province) to Qin under several powerful offensives of Qin army. From then on, the state of Qin not only annexed all the territory west of the Yellow River, but also established a base to advance eastward on the East Bank of the Yellow River.

To be king

In the fourteenth year of King Huiwen of Qin Dynasty (324 BC), Ying Si imitated the practice of the six states in Shandong Province and also called himself king. He changed the Yuan Dynasty to the first year of gengyuan.

Destroy Shu and defeat Chu

In the eighth year of gengyuan (317 BC), King Huiwen of Qin Dynasty, Wei, Zhao, Han, Yan and Chu united to attack Qin Dynasty. King Huiwen of Qin Dynasty sent Chuli, a commoner commander, to break through Wei, Zhao and Han's army in Xiuyu and behead 80000 people. Temporarily resist the attack of the Eastern Allied forces. However, Yiqu in the West sent troops to attack and destroy the Qin army on Li Bo. Under the attack of the East and the west, King Huiwen of Qin changed his strategy in time. In the tenth year of gengyuan (315 BC), King Huiwen of Qin used simacuo's strategy to attack Shu, break the Shu army in Jiameng pass and destroy Shu. In the 13th year of gengyuan (312 BC), King Huiwen of the Qin Dynasty sent Zhang Yi from the Qin Dynasty to Chu, where he led the state of Chu to overthrow Qi. Then he designed to infuriate King Huai of Chu and induce the state of Chu to attack Qin at risk, so that the Qin army defeated the Chu army in Danyang (the area north of Danjiang between Shaanxi and Henan Province today) and won Hanzhong of Chu. It relieved the threat of Chu to Qin, Ba and Shu. The state of Chu never recovered. In this way, Guanzhong, Hanzhong and Bashu of the state of Qin were linked together, and the oppressive situation of the state of Qin to the six countries was formed. King Huiwen of Qin not only won the military victory and expanded the territory, but also aimed at the situation that the rhinoceros head merged with the six states and launched the joint attack of the Oriental states against Qin. He adopted Zhang Yi's strategy of continuous and horizontal attack, implemented the strategy of disintegration and individual attack, defeated the attacks of the six states and won the victory in politics and diplomacy, which created favorable conditions for the later King of Qin to win the government and destroy the six states.

Cutting down Yiqu

Yiqu, a branch of Xiongnu, was the most powerful minority regime in the northwest of Qin at that time. Yiqu occupies today's Northern Shaanxi, northern central Gansu and Ningxia. With the unique mobility of cavalry, Yiqu plundered the border of Qin state, and even invaded the Luohe River Basin of Qin state. It was the great harmfulness and destructiveness of Yiqu that enabled Gongsun Yan to persuade King Huiwen of Qin Dynasty to stop attacking Wei and turn to attacking Yiqu. The main way of the Qin state to the nomads such as fuyiqu was to burn wasteland, which was very effective. Nomads dare not go near the border of Qin state where the grass is burned out to avoid starvation of a large number of horses, cattle and sheep. In the seventh year of emperor Huiwen of the Qin Dynasty, civil strife broke out in Yiqu, and the commoner commander Cao of the Qin Dynasty took advantage of his fratricidal actions to pacify Yiqu. The power of Yiqu has been greatly weakened. In the 11th year of emperor Huiwang of Qin Dynasty (327 BC), the state of Qin set up a county in Yiqu, and Yiqu became a minister. In the 10th year of gengyuan, King Huiwen of Qin Dynasty (315 BC), the Qin Dynasty took 25 cities of Yiqu. The state of Qin had a large area of excellent pastures in Northwest China.

He died of serious illness

In the 14th year of gengyuan (311 BC), King Huiwen of Qin Dynasty died. At the age of 46, he was buried in Beiyuan, Xianyang. The mausoleum of King Wen of Zhou Dynasty in modern times is actually the mausoleum of King Huiwen of Qin Dynasty.

Political initiatives

Eliminate the dissidents and establish the separation of powers. Expand the territory and expand the strength. King Huiwen of Qin Dynasty swept Yiqu in the north, flattened Bashu in the west, left Hangu in the East and went to business in the south. discerning the Pearl, being able to use talents, and selecting talents. This is the key to Ying Si's great achievements. He not only made use of Ying Hua, Yi Mu Di Gong Zi Ji, simacuo and other Qin people, but also made use of a large number of foreign capable officials. Wei people, such as Gongsun Yan, Zhang Yi and Wei Zhang, were able to use them for Ying Si. If Ying Si can't recognize people and be good at his duties, and can't use talents and good generals indiscriminately, he will never make great achievements in politics, and he will never shine through the annals of history.

Character evaluation

A large number of capable officials created the brilliance of the state of Qin in the era of King Huiwen, and also reflected King Huiwen's ability to recognize and control people. The first opponent of King Huiwen of Qin Dynasty after he ascended the throne was the famous Shang Yang. Judging from the situation at that time, the construction of the rule of law in the state of Qin was basically successful, but the existence of Shang Yang, who was in charge of the power alone, became the biggest threat to the reform achievements of the state of Qin. The construction of the rule of law in the state of Qin was completed by force, which is what Shang Yang called hegemony. After the completion of the construction of the rule of law, there are two people in the state of Qin who are of dual nature, Qin Huiwen and Shang Yang. Because of their great power, they are not only the strongest defenders of the rule of law, but also the greatest harmers of the rule of law. The symbol of law under the monarchy can only be one person. This is the source of Shang Yang's tragedy. Even if Qin Xiaogong didn't hint, King Huiwen of Qin would get rid of Shang Yang. For people like Shang Yang, the state of Qin didn't use it, and certainly won't let other countries use it. After getting rid of Shang Yang, King Huiwen of Qin Dynasty conveniently got rid of them and a large number of their party members on the ground that there was no evidence of Shang Yang's rebellion and that childe Qian and grandson Jia were framed. The unfinished work of Qin Xiaogong was accomplished by King Huiwen of Qin. King Huiwen of Qin Dynasty used Zhang Yi to break the vertical and horizontal lines, which was the biggest highlight in his life. For Zhang Yi, Ying Si asked, tried, allowed and believed. In the complicated diplomatic struggle between Qin and other countries, he reversed the dangerous situation many times and defeated the soldiers of the five countries attacking Qin. After Shang Yang, he wrote another brilliant chapter of the combination of monarch and minister. From then on, until the first emperor of Qin unified China, "not only Qin people" became the invariable line. Zhang Yi is not the only way to use Zhang Yi. When there was a heated debate between Zhang Yi and Sima CuO on whether to pacify Shu, Ying Si resolutely appointed Sima CuO to lead the army, which showed Ying Si's king style of judging the situation and holding a strategic position.

Relative members

Historical records

The fifth volume of historical records, the fifth volume of Qin Benji, and the Warring States strategy, Qin strategy

Film and television image

In 1996, Cai Ming (Shang Yang reform) and Zhou Qixun (Su Zhang Zongheng) played King Wen of Qin Hui. In 1997, Lu Yiding played King Wen of Qin Hui. In 2009, the fission of the great Qin Empire. In 2011, Liu Naiyi played King Wen of Qin Hui. In 2013, Bao Guoan played King Wen of Qin Hui National affairs: Fu Dalong as Qin Huiwen Wang in 2015 TV series "biography of MI Yue": Fang Zhongxin as Qin Huiwen Wang in 2016 TV series "Miss Beauty": Luo Jialiang as Qin Huiwen Wang in 2017 TV series "rise of the great Qin Empire": Fu Dalong as Qin Huiwen Wang