Shaoxing Lotus Flower Fall
Shaoxing Lotus Fall, also known as Lotus Music and Lotus Fall, is a traditional form of folk art in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province. It is named because of the help singing such as "Lili Lianhua Luo" in the middle of the performance. Or from "scattered flower music" in Tang Dynasty to "lotus flower music" and then to "lotus flower falling". Because of its lively singing, easy-to-understand lyrics, simple and smooth singing voice, full of rich flavor of life, lotus flowers fall for the masses.
On May 20, 2006, the opera was approved by the State Council and listed in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.
Historical Origin
The origin of Lotus Flower Falling Quyi, according to relevant records, has been popular in Song and Yuan Dynasty. The Buddhist Scripture "Continued Biography of Lanterns" in the 23rd "Yu Daopo" contains: "One day I heard the song"Lotus Flower Music"Yun:'Why did I get Dongting Source because of Liu Yi's biography letters? 'Suddenly realize. "It can be seen that it was originally performed by the beggar artists. Shaoxing Lotus Fall began in Guangxu Period of Qing Dynasty. Zhang surnamed "Long Fingernails" came to Shaoxing to sing and settled in Shaoxing. They were successively apprenticed to Shen Afa of Yusong Xiamen and Tang Maosheng of Potang, Shaoxing. At that time, there was no fixed content and no fixed tone in singing.
At the beginning of the Republic of China, Tang Maosheng was influenced by Yueju Opera's Xerox tune and Xuanjuan tune, and began to use tuning method to create a basic set of singing tunes. The form of performance was also changed from selling and singing along the street to performing on the stage. Later, a passage with story plot is gradually formed, which is called "stanza poem". According to legend, there are only 18 and a half verses. The first verse is composed of 18 and a half verses. Festival poems, such as "Poems of the Mother's Day", "Poems of the Long Mother's Day", "Poems of the Separation of Families" and "Poems of the Hoop Barrel Festival", are mostly based on folk life. The heroes of the story are mostly farmers'wives or handicraftsmen. A Festival poem narrates a relatively simple story with the characteristics of comedy, exaggeration, sarcasm and humor. It has a strong flavor of life and local flavor. Then he began to talk and sing long stories, still taking folk anecdotes and legends as subjects, such as Naoji Mountain, Ma Jia's robbing relatives, Tian Zaizi, and so on. He Wenxiu, Baihuatai, Gu Dingchen, You Long Long Zhuan, Long Deng Zhuan, Pearl Tower, Hou You An and so on were used for reference and absorbed in drama and other literary and artistic books of singing and speaking, such as He Wenxiu, Baihua Tai, Gu Dingchen, You Long Long Zhuan, Long Deng Zhuan, Pearl Tower and Hou You An.
In recent years, Lianhualuo performance, singing and music in Shaoxing have developed greatly. Pipa, dulcimer, erhu, flute and other musical instruments are sometimes added to accompaniment. According to the needs of the plot, Shaoxing opera, Yueju opera and some folk tunes are interluded. Attempts are made to perform in male double stalls. Besides giving full play to the characteristics of the original rap, performances are also added. Its bibliography is becoming more and more abundant. The recordings of "Blood and Tears" adapted from Shao Opera have been reserved for Zhejiang People's Radio. In 1982, Hu Zhaohai performed in the National Quyi (Southern Film) Performance, and won three first prizes for creation, music and performance. Later, he was selected as one of the national excellent repertoires and participated in the performance troupe organized by the Ministry of Culture. He toured 12 provinces, cities and autonomous regions such as Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang and Qinghai. Since 1985, Shaoxing City has held three consecutive Lianhua Luo performances in Shaoxing Province. There are more than 30 professional actors and 50 amateur actors in Shaoxing City.
Quyi celebrities
Weng Renkang
Audiences who love to listen to Lianhua Fall in Shaoxing hardly know Weng Renkang. As long as Weng Renkang appears on the stage, even four or five-year-old children will shout "Weng Renkang, Lianhua Fall!" Weng Renkang has almost become a synonym for lotus flower fall.
For decades, Weng Renkang has been on the stage of the first Chinese Quyi Festival, the third Chinese Quyi Festival and the second Chinese Arts Festival, and has won the titles of "Zhejiang Art Star" and "Hundred Excellent Young Artists in China".
Twenty-seven years ago, Weng Renkang, a 12-year-old, moved from the fields of Guali Grand Garden to the stage. At that time, because of the need of politics, storytelling was popular outside the city. Weng Renkang was the backbone of literature and art in the school. He had spirit and courage. He learned to be an adult and told stories on the stage. Storytelling is just fun for young Weng Renkang.
At the age of 17, Weng Renkang boldly went to the teahouse to talk, with a genuine Xiaoshan accent, a funny face and a few exaggerated actions, which often made the audience laugh. In storytelling and big books, he began to get closer to Shaoxing Lotus Fall and fell in love with it magically. He sought teachers everywhere, but in Xiaoshan at that time, where did he go to find the lotus blossom? So he found a tape recorder as a teacher, followed the tape recorder, sang in front of the mirror, and ran to the radio station every day to duplicate the tape. On one occasion, I heard that Lianhua Luo actors from Shaoxing Opera Troupe came to Xiaoshan to perform. Weng Renkang actually drove 20 kilometers by bicycle to watch. Later, he often traveled to Hangzhou and Shaoxing alone in a broken car to listen to Lotus falls and comment on balls. When he came back, he groped for himself and pretended to learn by his appearance. After he knew the famous actor Hu Zhaohai, Weng Renkang's lotus fell into the right path.
Weng Renkang first sang Lotus Fall to earn a few dollars. Weng Renkang's family was very poor. Before finishing high school, he went to a cardboard box factory and became an apprentice. His mother told him that the cottage could no longer be occupied. To build a mud house, Weng Renkang thought of singing lotus flowers to earn some money to build a house. But his mother bought him a tape recorder for the first money he earned from singing lotus flowers. The recorder, which cost more than 100 yuan, became the only treasure in the family. Singing opera is a hard job. On the third day of the first lunar month of that year, the commune organized an itinerant performance team to celebrate the Spring Festival for the villagers. On that morning, Weng Renkang's father suddenly died of illness and his family had a funeral. After losing his father, Weng Renkang cried to death, but he thought that he would have to perform in the evening. If he was in trouble, would he go or not? The program is comedy, laughing and singing, but how can we show a smile at this time? He decided not to go. Mother understood his son's mind and came to persuade him, "Go ahead, there are so many people waiting to hear your play, don't let everyone down." Weng Renkang recalled that this was the most painful thing for him.
With painstaking singing, Weng Renkang "sang" sounded, and his "Ghost complaint" won the first prize in creation and performance at the 1985 Hangzhou Quyi Grand Prix and became his masterpiece. Later, "Muddle Village Chief" sang into the second national art festival, and his "New Township Chief" won the best performance award of the third provincial opera competition, and then went to Tianjin to perform at the first Chinese opera festival. Father Father is the favorite program of the audience. It was very popular in Inner Mongolia at the 3rd Chinese Quyi Festival. Nowadays, as manager of Xiaoshan Performance Company, Weng Renkang focuses more on the activities of Xiaoshan people's amateur cultural life. He has no shelf and delivers theatres to the fields at hundreds of venues every year. He said, "I am the son of a peasant, and I will always want to repay the land that brought me up." Weng Renkang is also a big star. He has been to CCTV and Beijing Grand Stage. However, the neighborhood committee has to organize literary and artistic activities to invite him. He never refuses, so his audience is very large. Weng Renkang and his lotus flower fall belong to the people's art.
Nice and complete
Ni Qiquan is a banner figure in the development of Lianhua Falls in Shaoxing. Its main representative works are: mid-length "Zhizhang Ruan" (also known as "Naoji Mountain", "Yulian", "Wang Hua Buying Father", "Two Mandarin Ducks" and so on; short stories "Mad Girl", "Ah Q and Braid", "Fool" Flash","Selling Seats","Saving Dad"and so on. Performance typhoon calm, articulate clear, smooth line, with a strong local flavor, character performance "jump in and jump out" appropriately. Over the past 30 years, he has won 62 professional awards from provinces, municipalities and the state. Among them, in 1986, he won the first prize for creation and performance in Zhejiang New Song Bibliography Competition; in October 1990, he sang Ah Q and Braids, which was selected as the first performance of the Chinese Opera Art Circle (Nanjing); and in October 1995, he participated in the second Chinese Opera Festival (Pingdingshan, Henan Province) and won the prize for creation. In 1997, he won the 7th National Wenhua Drama Award, Wenhua Performance Award and the 7th National Star Award for Creation; in 2000, he won the 1st National Dandelion Award for Creation; and in 2001, he won the 11th National Star Award (Guangzhou) for "Saving Dad" for Creation and Performance.
Ni Qiquan is singing "Save Dad"
In 2003, he created "Going Abroad again", participated in the national "Four Entry Community" excellent program exhibition sponsored by the Ministry of Propaganda, the Ministry of Culture and CCTV, and won the gold medal. In 2007, he won the National Star Award for Creation. In 2002, the Chinese Academy of Rap and Singing Literature and Art and the Shaoxing County People's Government jointly organized a personal concert of "Jianhu Lotus". In the same year, he brought Shaoxing Lotus Fall "Save Dad" to Beijing to perform at the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. The performances of "Save Dad", "Sell Seats", "Make Up" and "Make Up" were broadcast on CCTV Opera Channel. Two performances in Hong Kong in 1994 and 1996 brought the native Shaoxing lotus flower Falls overseas for the first time. In 2005, he was awarded the "Outstanding Achievement Award" at the first "Golden Lotus Award" singing contest in Zhejiang Province. In 2006, Lianhualuo of Shaoxing was selected as the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list and succeeded.
In 1991, he was awarded "Art Star" in Zhejiang Province, and in 1997, he was awarded the title of "De Yi Shuangxin" in Zhejiang Province. In 2006, he was awarded the title of "Four Entry Communities" excellent counselor. He is now the representative successor of provincial and national intangible cultural heritage protection project (Lianhualuo, Shaoxing).
Inheritance Significance
Shaoxing lotus fallen artists are mostly transferred from other industries because of their personal hobbies, and there is no strict relationship between teachers and inheritors. Later, professional actors appeared, Ni Qiquan, Pan Jiafu and Weng Renkang are all representative contemporary heirs.
However, with the development of society and the change of situation, the prospects of Lianhua Fall in Shaoxing are not optimistic. Especially in recent years, the performance market has gradually shrunk and the audience has lost a lot. There are many reasons for this situation, but there are mainly two aspects: first, the unprecedented development of literary and artistic styles, the fierce competition in the performance market, the lotus flower falling, which is a difficult rival of folk rap and singing art, and second, the singing form of this kind of music is single, and the singing repertoire is obsolete, which can not meet the aesthetic needs of modern audiences. Of course, there are also reasons for the aging of the singing team and the lack of top performers. Faced with this situation, if Lianhua Luoluo in Shaoxing does not reform and innovate, there is also the possibility of being eliminated. At present, the development of Lianhua Falls in Shaoxing is facing the problem of how to adapt to the new situation. It has become an arduous task to further protect and develop this art.
The state attaches great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage. On May 20, 2006, the opera was approved by the State Council and listed in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.
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