Sophora japonica
(rihuazi materia medica)
[synonym] Huairui (bencaozheng).
[source] flowers or buds of Sophora japonica.
[plant morphology] Sophora japonica (Erya), also known as Sophora japonica, Sophora japonica, Sophora microphylla, Sophora japonica, and shelter tree.
Deciduous trees, up to 25 m high. Bark gray or dark gray, rough, longitudinally lobed. The endodermis is bright yellow, odorous; the branches are brown, green when young, hairy, with obvious pores. Leaflets 7-15, ovate oblong, salty ovate lanceolate, 2.5-5 cm long, 1.5-2.6 cm wide, apex pointed, base rounded or broadly cuneate, entire, green above, slightly bright below, white pubescence underlying; petioles 2.5 mm long; stipules falcate, caducous. Panicle terminal; flowers milky white, 1.5 cm long; calyx bell shaped, 5-lobed; corolla butterfly shaped, flag petal homocordate, with short claws, veins purplish; stamens 10, separated unequal; ovary tubular, with long hair, style curved. The pods are 2.5-5 cm long, segmented, beaded, glabrous, green, fleshy, uncracked, and very thin between the seeds. Seeds 1-6, dark brown, reniform. The flowering period is from July to August. The fruit period is from October to November.
Grown on hillsides, plains or gardens. It is distributed in most areas of China.
The root (sophora root), twig (Sophora branch), phloem of root bark and bark (Sophora white bark), leaf (Sophora leaf), fruit (Sophora horn) and resin (Sophora gum) of this plant are also used for medicine. See special regulations for details.
[collection] in summer, the flower is harvested when the flower first opens, and the commodity is called "Sophora japonica"; when the flower does not open, the flower bud is harvested, and the commodity is called "Sophora japonica". Remove impurities and dry on the same day.
(1) Sophora japonica
Dry flowers, petals most scattered, complete flowers are bird-shaped, about 1.5 cm in diameter, petals 5, yellow or light brown, wrinkled, curly. Base calyx tube yellowish green, apex 5-lobed. Stamens yellowish, bearded, sometimes curved. Ovary enlargement. It is light in weight, weak in Qi and slightly bitter in taste. It is better to be yellow and white, neat and without any impurities.
② Sophora japonica
Also known as: huaihuami (Yi Jian of medical prescription). It is a dry flower bud, oval or oblong, 2.5-5 mm long and 1.5-2 mm wide. The outer surface is yellowish brown or yellowish green, slightly shrunken, the lower part is bell shaped calyx, the apex has not obvious 5-tooth crack, sometimes has short stalk, the upper part is unopened corolla of different sizes, the outer surface of calyx and corolla are sparsely white pubescence. It's crisp. Weak Qi, slightly bitter taste. It is better to have strong buds, green and thick calyx and no branches.
Most areas of our country are productive. Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Jiangsu, Guangdong, Guangxi and Liaoning are the main producing areas.
[chemical composition] it contains rutin, which is more in bud and less after opening. The triterpenoid saponins were obtained from the dried flower buds, and 0.4% of them were hydrolyzed to betulin, Sophorae diol, glucose and glucuronic acid.
In addition, sophoricin a (14%), sophoricin B (1.25%) and sophoricin C (0.35%) were obtained from flower buds. Sophoricin A is a flavonoid different from rutin, while sophoricin B and sophoricin C are sterols. The content of tannin in raw Flos Sophorae is 0.66%, and the content of tannin in Flos Sophorae charcoal is about 4 times of that in raw Flos Sophorae.
[pharmacological action] ① effect on capillaries
Rutin and its aglycone quercetin can maintain the normal resistance of capillaries, reduce the permeability of capillaries, and restore the normal elasticity of capillaries with increased fragility. Quercetin can enhance the resistance of capillaries in guinea pigs and rats (using negative pressure to cause ecchymosis in normal and heparinized animal skin), and reduce the permeability of capillaries (using rabbit chloramphenicol) Its effect on capillary stability was 1 / 3 stronger than that of rutin. In recent years, it has been reported that quercetin and other flavonols have inhibitory effects on arthosphenomenon. Cyanidin, one of the flavonoids, has biphasic effect on enhancing capillary resistance in guinea pigs and humans: it increases capillary resistance temporarily in the early stage, then it has strong and long-term effect, lasting for several days, but other flavonoids only show monophasic effect on capillary resistance. Continuous application of large amount of rutin and quercetin can prevent pulmonary hemorrhage caused by decompression in rats.
② Anti inflammatory effect
Rutin and quercetin had inhibitory effects on paw edema caused by histamine, egg white, 5-hydroxytryptamine, formaldehyde and polyvinylpyrrolidone, and foot edema caused by hyaluronidase. Rutin can significantly inhibit traumatic edema in rats, and can prevent the development of conjunctivitis, auriculitis and pulmonary edema. It has only slight inhibitory effect on conjunctival edema caused by mustard oil in rabbits. For example, rutin can be dissolved in propylene glycol to prevent inflammation. Intravenous injection of rutin can inhibit the allergic inflammation of skin and joint and arthosphenomenon caused by horse serum in rabbits, which may be due to its protective effect on capillary wall, making capillary dense, inhibiting the sodium salt of rutin sulfate caused by exudation, and accelerating the recovery of thrombophlebitis of hind limbs caused by turpentine injection in dogs. There are many opinions about the anti-inflammatory mechanism of rutin flavonoids, such as stimulating the adrenal cortex (after administration of rutin derivatives, the contents of vitamin C and cholesterol in adrenal gland decreased, and the contents of sterols in plasma increased significantly), the increase of epinephrine in blood (which may be due to the competitive inhibition with catechol-O-methyltransferase or monoamine oxidase), indirectly inhibiting capillary blood flow It is believed that it is due to the inhibition of hyaluronidase; it is also believed that it is due to the protection of mast cell "lysis" and "degranulation", thus inhibiting the release of pro-inflammatory amine, and hindering the decomposition of epinephrine. From the biochemical point of view, it is considered that it blocks the sulfhydryl group of many enzymes and combines with the main metal ions in the enzyme to show anti-inflammatory effect. Its anti edema effect is attributed to the increase of hyaluronic acid viscosity and the inhibition of membrane adenosine triphosphatase.
③ Antispasmodic and anti ulcer effects
Quercetin can reduce the tension of intestinal and bronchial smooth muscle, and its antispasmodic effect is five times stronger than rutin. X-ray study shows that rutin can reduce the gastric motor function of rats, and relieve the spasm of small intestinal smooth muscle caused by barium chloride. The effect is only 1 / 14 of that of Kailin. Subcutaneous injection of rutin 5-10 mg / kg can significantly reduce the number of lesions of gastric ulcer caused by pyloric ligation in rats The effect on reflex gastric ulcer is stronger than that of Kailin. Sophora solution (containing little rutin) injected into the intestinal cavity of rabbits can stimulate the intestinal mucosa and increase the exudate.
④ Impact on cardiovascular system
Huaihua liquid has mild excitatory effect on isolated frog heart and block effect on cardiac conduction system. Rutin, quercetin and quercetin also increased the contractility and output of isolated and in situ frog hearts and decreased heart rate. Rutin caused vasoconstriction in toad lower limbs and rabbit ears. Quercetin can dilate coronary artery and improve myocardial circulation. Huaimi 400 mg / kg for three days can increase the coronary flow of mice (rubidium 88 tracing method). It has slight antagonism to vasopressin induced coronary artery contraction (T wave increase) in rabbits. It can reduce the myocardial oxygen consumption of rats (Waber's respirator method). At present, many synthetic flavonoid derivatives have the effects of dilating coronary artery and anti arrhythmia. Huaihua liquid and Huaihua tincture can significantly reduce blood pressure in anesthetized dogs and cats, rutin and its preparations can reduce blood pressure, quercetin can also reduce blood pressure for a short time.
⑤ The effect on the quality of blood lipid
Hypercholesterolemia was induced by feeding rats with 30 mg / kg cholesterol and 90 mg / kg 6-methylthiouracil in food. Meanwhile, quercetin 10 mg / kg was injected subcutaneously. It can effectively reduce the amount of cholesterol in liver, aorta and blood, and increase the stability of cholesterol protein complex. It has preventive and therapeutic effects on experimental arteriosclerosis.
⑥ Other functions
Rutin and quercetin have antibacterial effect on some bacteria in vitro, and some people think that they have no antibacterial effect. It also showed inhibition to virus and fungus in vitro. Rutin has no inhibitory effect on sarcoma-45 in rats and pulmonary adenoma in mice, but Japanese scholars believe that rutin has inhibitory effect on some tumors. They also affect many enzymes. In addition, rutin has protective effect on X-ray irradiation (the survival rate of mice is higher than that of the control group), and can reduce the mortality of mice receiving lethal dose of NIDDM. Sophora japonica contains hemagglutinin, which can agglutinate blood cells. High dose of Huaihua tincture can inhibit some central reflex function.
Therefore, it is not generally considered that rutin has an oral absorption effect. Some people think that it can be absorbed after oral administration.
[processing] sophora flower charcoal: put the net sophora flower into the pot, stir fry until it is scorched black, keep it, spray a little water, and take it out to dry.
Bitter and cool.
① "Rihuazi Materia Medica": "bitter taste, flat, non-toxic. "
② "Diannan Materia Medica": "bitter taste, cold nature. "
③ Compendium: "bitter taste, cool Qi. "
④ "Ben Cao Qiu yuan": "bitter, salty, cold. "
[Guijing] into the liver and large intestine.
① According to Ben Cao Hui Yan, "start with Yangming and zujueyin meridians. "
② "Medicine Hua Yi": entering lung and large intestine. "
③ According to the interpretation of Materia Medica classic, "we should start with Taiyin lung meridian and shoushaoyin heart meridian. "
Functions and indications: clearing heat, cooling blood and stopping bleeding. It is used to treat intestinal wind, hematochezia, hemorrhoids, urine, blood drenching, metrorrhagia, bleeding, red and white dysentery, wind heat, red eyes, carbuncle and poison
Chinese PinYin : Huai Hua
Sophora japonica
A thousand miles to find a root. Qian Li Zhao Gen
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